Authorization policies with a deny action

This task shows you how to set up Istio authorization policy that denies HTTP traffic in an Istio mesh. Learn more in our authorization concept page.

Before you begin

Before tackling this task you must perform the following actions:

• Read the authorization concept.

• Follow the Istio installation guide to install Istio.

• Deploy workloads:

  This task uses two workloads, httpbin and sleep, deployed on one namespace, foo. Both workloads run with an Envoy proxy in front of each. Deploy the example namespace and workloads with the following command:

  $ kubectl create ns foo
  $ kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml) -n foo
  $ kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml) -n foo

• Verify that sleep talks to httpbin with the following command:

$ kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -n foo -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c sleep -n foo -- curl http://httpbin.foo:8000/ip -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
200

If you don’t see the expected output as you follow the task, retry after a few seconds. Caching and propagation overhead can cause some delay.

Explicitly deny a request

1. The following command creates the deny-method-get authorization policy for the httpbin workload in the foo namespace. The policy sets the action to DENY to deny requests that satisfy the conditions set in the rules section. This type of policy is better known as deny policy. In this case, the policy denies requests if their method is GET.

   $ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
   apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1
   kind: AuthorizationPolicy
   metadata:
     name: deny-method-get
     namespace: foo
   spec:
     selector:
       matchLabels:
         app: httpbin
     action: DENY
     rules:
     - to:
       - operation:
           methods: ["GET"]
   EOF

2. Verify that GET requests are denied:

   $ kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -n foo -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c sleep -n foo -- curl "http://httpbin.foo:8000/get" -X GET -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
   403

3. Verify that POST requests are allowed:

   $ kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -n foo -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c sleep -n foo -- curl "http://httpbin.foo:8000/post" -X POST -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
   200

4. Update the deny-method-get authorization policy to deny GET requests only if the value of the HTTP header x-token value is not admin. The following example policy sets the value of the notValues field to ["admin"] to deny requests with a header value that is not admin:

   $ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
   apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1
   kind: AuthorizationPolicy
   metadata:
     name: deny-method-get
     namespace: foo
   spec:
     selector:
       matchLabels:
         app: httpbin
     action: DENY
     rules:
     - to:
       - operation:
           methods: ["GET"]
       when:
       - key: request.headers[x-token]
         notValues: ["admin"]
   EOF

5. Verify that GET requests with the HTTP header x-token: admin are allowed:

   $ kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -n foo -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c sleep -n foo -- curl "http://httpbin.foo:8000/get" -X GET -H "x-token: admin" -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
   200

6. Verify that GET requests with the HTTP header x-token: guest are denied:

   $ kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -n foo -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c sleep -n foo -- curl "http://httpbin.foo:8000/get" -X GET -H "x-token: guest" -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
   403

7. The following command creates the allow-path-ip authorization policy to allow requests at the /ip path to the httpbin workload. This authorization policy sets the action field to ALLOW. This type of policy is better known as an allow policy.

   $ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
   apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1
   kind: AuthorizationPolicy
   metadata:
     name: allow-path-ip
     namespace: foo
   spec:
     selector:
       matchLabels:
         app: httpbin
     action: ALLOW
     rules:
     - to:
       - operation:
           paths: ["/ip"]
   EOF

8. Verify that GET requests with the HTTP header x-token: guest at path /ip are denied by the deny-method-get policy. Deny policies takes precedence over the allow policies:

   $ kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -n foo -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c sleep -n foo -- curl "http://httpbin.foo:8000/ip" -X GET -H "x-token: guest" -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
   403

9. Verify that GET requests with the HTTP header x-token: admin at path /ip are allowed by the allow-path-ip policy:

   $ kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -n foo -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c sleep -n foo -- curl "http://httpbin.foo:8000/ip" -X GET -H "x-token: admin" -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
   200

10. Verify that GET requests with the HTTP header x-token: admin at path /get are denied because they don’t match the allow-path-ip policy:

    $ kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -n foo -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c sleep -n foo -- curl "http://httpbin.foo:8000/get" -X GET -H "x-token: admin" -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
    403

Clean up

1. Remove the namespace foo from your configuration:

   $ kubectl delete namespace foo

See also

Authorization Policy Trust Domain Migration

Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy.

Authorization for HTTP traffic

Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic.

Authorization for TCP traffic

How to set up access control for TCP traffic.

Authorization on Ingress Gateway

How to set up access control on an ingress gateway.

Security

Describes Istio’s authorization and authentication functionality.

Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization

Describe Istio’s authorization feature and how to use it in various use cases.