ASP.NET Core MVC / Razor Pages 教程 - 第三章

关于本教程

这是ASP.NET CoreMVC / Razor Pages系列教程的第二章. 共有三章:

• Part-1: 创建项目和书籍列表页面
• Part 2: 创建,编辑,删除书籍
• Part-3: 集成测试(本章)

你也可以观看由ABP社区成员为本教程录制的视频课程.

解决方案中的测试项目

解决方案中有多个测试项目:

每个项目用于测试相关的应用程序项目.测试项目使用以下库进行测试:

• xunit 作为主测试框架.
• Shoudly 作为断言库.
• NSubstitute 作为模拟库.

添加测试数据

启动模板包含Acme.BookStore.TestBase项目中的BookStoreTestDataSeedContributor类,它创建一些数据来运行测试. 更改BookStoreTestDataSeedContributor类如下所示:

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Volo.Abp.Data;
using Volo.Abp.DependencyInjection;
using Volo.Abp.Domain.Repositories;
using Volo.Abp.Guids;
namespace Acme.BookStore
{
    public class BookStoreTestDataSeedContributor
        : IDataSeedContributor, ITransientDependency
    {
        private readonly IRepository<Book, Guid> _bookRepository;
        private readonly IGuidGenerator _guidGenerator;
        public BookStoreTestDataSeedContributor(
            IRepository<Book, Guid> bookRepository,
            IGuidGenerator guidGenerator)
        {
            _bookRepository = bookRepository;
            _guidGenerator = guidGenerator;
        }
        public async Task SeedAsync(DataSeedContext context)
        {
            await _bookRepository.InsertAsync(
                new Book(id: _guidGenerator.Create(),
                    name: "Test book 1",
                    type: BookType.Fantastic,
                    publishDate: new DateTime(2015, 05, 24),
                    price: 21
                )
            );
            await _bookRepository.InsertAsync(
                new Book(id: _guidGenerator.Create(),
                    name: "Test book 2",
                    type: BookType.Science,
                    publishDate: new DateTime(2014, 02, 11),
                    price: 15
                )
            );
        }
    }
}

• 注入IRepository<Book,Guid>并在SeedAsync中使用它来创建两个书实体作为测试数据.
• 使用IGuidGenerator服务创建GUID. 虽然Guid.NewGuid()非常适合测试,但IGuidGenerator在使用真实数据库时还有其他特别重要的功能(参见Guid生成文档了解更多信息).

测试 BookAppService

在 Acme.BookStore.Application.Tests 项目中创建一个名叫 BookAppService_Tests 的测试类:

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Xunit;
using Shouldly;
using Volo.Abp.Application.Dtos;
using Volo.Abp.Validation;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Internal;
namespace Acme.BookStore
{
    public class BookAppService_Tests : BookStoreApplicationTestBase
    {
        private readonly IBookAppService _bookAppService;
        public BookAppService_Tests()
        {
            _bookAppService = GetRequiredService<IBookAppService>();
        }
        [Fact]
        public async Task Should_Get_List_Of_Books()
        {
            //Act
            var result = await _bookAppService.GetListAsync(
                new PagedAndSortedResultRequestDto()
            );
            //Assert
            result.TotalCount.ShouldBeGreaterThan(0);
            result.Items.ShouldContain(b => b.Name == "Test book 1");
        }
    }
}

• 测试方法 Should_Get_List_Of_Books 直接使用 BookAppService.GetListAsync 方法来获取用户列表,并执行检查.

新增测试方法,用以测试创建一个合法book实体的场景:

[Fact]
public async Task Should_Create_A_Valid_Book()
{
    //Act
    var result = await _bookAppService.CreateAsync(
        new CreateUpdateBookDto
        {
            Name = "New test book 42",
            Price = 10,
            PublishDate = DateTime.Now,
            Type = BookType.ScienceFiction
        }
    );
    //Assert
    result.Id.ShouldNotBe(Guid.Empty);
    result.Name.ShouldBe("New test book 42");
}

新增测试方法,用以测试创建一个非法book实体失败的场景:

[Fact]
public async Task Should_Not_Create_A_Book_Without_Name()
{
    var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<Volo.Abp.Validation.AbpValidationException>(async () =>
    {
        await _bookAppService.CreateAsync(
            new CreateUpdateBookDto
            {
                Name = "",
                Price = 10,
                PublishDate = DateTime.Now,
                Type = BookType.ScienceFiction
            }
        );
    });
    exception.ValidationErrors
        .ShouldContain(err => err.MemberNames.Any(mem => mem == "Name"));
}

• 由于 Name 是空值, ABP 抛出一个 AbpValidationException 异常.

打开测试资源管理器(测试 -> Windows -> 测试资源管理器)并执行所有测试:

恭喜, 绿色图标表示测试已成功通过!