Serializer is an extensible interface that allows to customize how to serialize and deserialize data with database.
GORM 提供了一些默认的序列化器:json、gob、unixtime,这里有一个如何使用它的快速示例
type User struct {Name []byte `gorm:"serializer:json"`Roles Roles `gorm:"serializer:json"`Contracts map[string]interface{} `gorm:"serializer:json"`JobInfo Job `gorm:"type:bytes;serializer:gob"`CreatedTime int64 `gorm:"serializer:unixtime;type:time"` // 将 int 作为日期时间存储到数据库中}type Roles []stringtype Job struct {Title stringLocation stringIsIntern bool}
注册序列化器
一个Serializer需要实现如何对数据进行序列化和反序列化,所以需要实现如下接口
import "gorm.io/gorm/schema"type SerializerInterface interface {Scan(ctx context.Context, field *schema.Field, dst reflect.Value, dbValue interface{}) errorSerializerValuerInterface}type SerializerValuerInterface interface {Value(ctx context.Context, field *schema.Field, dst reflect.Value, fieldValue interface{}) (interface{}, error)}
例如,默认 JSONSerializer 的实现如下:
// JSONSerializer json序列化器type JSONSerializer struct {}// 实现 Scan 方法func (JSONSerializer) Scan(ctx context.Context, field *Field, dst reflect.Value, dbValue interface{}) (err error) {fieldValue := reflect.New(field.FieldType)if dbValue != nil {var bytes []byteswitch v := dbValue.(type) {case []byte:bytes = vcase string:bytes = []byte(v)default:return fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal JSONB value: %#v", dbValue)}err = json.Unmarshal(bytes, fieldValue.Interface())}field.ReflectValueOf(ctx, dst).Set(fieldValue.Elem())return}// 实现 Value 方法func (JSONSerializer) Value(ctx context.Context, field *Field, dst reflect.Value, fieldValue interface{}) (interface{}, error) {return json.Marshal(fieldValue)}
并使用以下代码注册:
schema.RegisterSerializer("json", JSONSerializer{})
注册序列化器后,您可以将其与 serializer 标签一起使用,例如:
type User struct {Name []byte `gorm:"serializer:json"`}
自定义序列化器类型
你可以通过标签使用已注册的序列化器,你也可以自定义 struct,实现上述的 SerializerInterface 接口,随后便可以直接将其作为字段类型使用,例如:
type EncryptedString string// ctx: contains request-scoped values// field: the field using the serializer, contains GORM settings, struct tags// dst: current model value, `user` in the below example// dbValue: current field's value in databasefunc (es *EncryptedString) Scan(ctx context.Context, field *schema.Field, dst reflect.Value, dbValue interface{}) (err error) {switch value := dbValue.(type) {case []byte:*es = EncryptedString(bytes.TrimPrefix(value, []byte("hello")))case string:*es = EncryptedString(strings.TrimPrefix(value, "hello"))default:return fmt.Errorf("unsupported data %#v", dbValue)}return nil}// ctx: contains request-scoped values// field: the field using the serializer, contains GORM settings, struct tags// dst: current model value, `user` in the below example// fieldValue: current field's value of the dstfunc (es EncryptedString) Value(ctx context.Context, field *schema.Field, dst reflect.Value, fieldValue interface{}) (interface{}, error) {return "hello" + string(es), nil}type User struct {gorm.ModelPassword EncryptedString}data := User{Password: EncryptedString("pass"),}DB.Create(&data)// INSERT INTO `serializer_structs` (`password`) VALUES ("hellopass")var result UserDB.First(&result, "id = ?", data.ID)// result => User{// Password: EncryptedString("pass"),// }DB.Where(User{Password: EncryptedString("pass")}).Take(&result)// SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`password` = "hellopass"