http —- HTTP 模块

源代码: Lib/http/__init__.py

http 是一个包，它收集了多个用于处理超文本传输协议的模块:

The http module also defines the following enums that help you work with http related code:

class http.HTTPStatus

3.5 新版功能.

enum.IntEnum 的子类，它定义了组 HTTP 状态码，原理短语以及用英语书写的长描述文本。

用法：

  1. >>> from http import HTTPStatus
  2. >>> HTTPStatus.OK
  3. HTTPStatus.OK
  4. >>> HTTPStatus.OK == 200
  5. True
  6. >>> HTTPStatus.OK.value
  7. 200
  8. >>> HTTPStatus.OK.phrase
  9. 'OK'
  10. >>> HTTPStatus.OK.description
  11. 'Request fulfilled, document follows'
  12. >>> list(HTTPStatus)
  13. [HTTPStatus.CONTINUE, HTTPStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS, ...]

HTTP 状态码

Supported, IANA-registered status codes available in http.HTTPStatus are:

双字母代码

映射名

详情

100

CONTINUE：继续

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.2.1 节

101

SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.2.2 节

102

PROCESSING

WebDAV RFC 2518, 10.1 节

103

EARLY_HINTS

用于指定提示 RFC 8297 的 HTTP 状态码

200

OK

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.3.1 节

201

CREATED

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.3.2 节

202

ACCEPTED

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.3.3 节

203

NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.3.4 节

204

NO_CONTENT: 没有内容

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.3.5 节

205

RESET_CONTENT

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.3.6 节

206

PARTIAL_CONTENT

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7233, 4.1 节

207

MULTI_STATUS

WebDAV RFC 4918, 11.1 节

208

ALREADY_REPORTED

WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, 7.1 节（实验性）

226

IM_USED

Delta Encoding in HTTP RFC 3229, 10.4.1 节

300

MULTIPLE_CHOICES：有多种资源可选择

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.4.1 节

301

MOVED_PERMANENTLY：永久移动

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.4.2 节

302

FOUND：临时移动

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.4.3 节

303

SEE_OTHER：已经移动

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.4.4 节

304

NOT_MODIFIED：没有修改

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232, 4.1 节

305

USE_PROXY：使用代理

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.4.5 节

307

TEMPORARY_REDIRECT：临时重定向

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.4.7 节

308

PERMANENT_REDIRECT：永久重定向

Permanent Redirect RFC 7238, Section 3 (Experimental)

400

BAD_REQUEST：错误请求

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.1 节

401

UNAUTHORIZED：未授权

HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235, 3.1 节

402

PAYMENT_REQUIRED：保留，将来使用

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.2 节

403

FORBIDDEN：禁止

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.3 节

404

NOT_FOUND：没有找到

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.4 节

405

METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED：该请求方法不允许

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.5 节

406

NOT_ACCEPTABLE：不可接受

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.6 节

407

PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED：要求使用代理验明正身

HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235, 3.1 节

408

REQUEST_TIMEOUT：请求超时

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.7 节

409

CONFLICT：冲突

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.8 节

410

GONE：已经不在了

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.9 节

411

LENGTH_REQUIRED：长度要求

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.10 节

412

PRECONDITION_FAILED：前提条件错误

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232, 4.2 节

413

REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE：请求体太大了

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.11 节

414

REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG：请求URI太长了

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.12 节

415

UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE：不支持的媒体格式

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.13 节

416

REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE

HTTP/1.1 Range Requests RFC 7233, 4.4 节

417

EXPECTATION_FAILED：期望失败

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.14 节

418

IM_A_TEAPOT

HTCPCP/1.0 RFC 2324, Section 2.3.2

421

MISDIRECTED_REQUEST

HTTP/2 RFC 7540, 9.1.2 节

422

UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY：可加工实体

WebDAV RFC 4918, 11.2 节

423

LOCKED：锁着

WebDAV RFC 4918, 11.3 节

424

FAILED_DEPENDENCY：失败的依赖

WebDAV RFC 4918, 11.4 节

425

TOO_EARLY

使用 HTTP RFC 8470 中的早期数据

426

UPGRADE_REQUIRED：升级需要

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.5.15 节

428

PRECONDITION_REQUIRED：先决条件要求

Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585

429

TOO_MANY_REQUESTS：太多的请求

Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585

431

REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE：请求头太大

Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585

451

UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS

HTTP 状态码用于报告法律障碍 RFC 7725

500

INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR：内部服务错误

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.6.1 节

501

NOT_IMPLEMENTED：不可执行

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.6.2 节

502

BAD_GATEWAY：无效网关

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.6.3 节

503

SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE：服务不可用

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.6.4 节

504

GATEWAY_TIMEOUT：网关超时

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.6.5 节

505

HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED：HTTP版本不支持

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, 6.6.6 节

506

VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES：服务器存在内部配置错误

透明内容协商在： HTTP RFC 2295, 8.1 节（实验性）

507

INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE：存储不足

WebDAV RFC 4918, 11.5 节

508

LOOP_DETECTED：循环检测

WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, 7.2 节（实验性）

510

NOT_EXTENDED：不扩展

WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, 7.2 节（实验性）

511

NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED：要求网络身份验证

Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585, 6 节

为了保持向后兼容性，枚举值也以常量形式出现在 http.client 模块中，。 枚举名等于常量名 (例如 http.HTTPStatus.OK 也可以是 http.client.OK)。

在 3.7 版更改: 添加了 421 MISDIRECTED_REQUEST 状态码。

3.8 新版功能: 添加了 451 UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS 状态码。

3.9 新版功能: 增加了 103 EARLY_HINTS, 418 IM_A_TEAPOT 和 425 TOO_EARLY 状态码

class http.HTTPMethod

3.11 新版功能.

A subclass of enum.StrEnum that defines a set of HTTP methods and descriptions written in English.

用法：

  1. >>> from http import HTTPMethod
  2. >>> HTTMethod.GET
  3. HTTMethod.GET
  4. >>> HTTMethod.GET == 'GET'
  5. True
  6. >>> HTTMethod.GET.value
  7. 'GET'
  8. >>> HTTMethod.GET.description
  9. 'Transfer a current representation of the target resource.'
  10. >>> list(HTTPMethod)
  11. [HTTPMethod.GET, HTTPMethod.HEAD, ...]

HTTP methods

Supported, IANA-registered methods available in http.HTTPMethod are:

Method

映射名

详情

GET

GET

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.1

HEAD

HEAD

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.2

POST

POST

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.3

PUT

PUT

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.4

DELETE

DELETE

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.5

CONNECT

CONNECT

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.6

OPTIONS

OPTIONS

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.7

TRACE

TRACE

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.8

PATCH

PATCH

HTTP/1.1 RFC 5789