模板模式（Template Pattern）

当一个类型公开了它的执行方式，其它类型只需按需实现的的时候可以使用这个模式。

模板模式的实例

实现游戏的基类，同时它的执行方式play不允许被子类修改。

  1. class Game {
  2.    constructor() {
  3.       if(this.play!= Game.prototype.play) {
  4.          throw new Error("play mothed is final,can't be modify!");
  5.       }
  6.    }
  7.    initialize(){};
  8.    startPlay(){};
  9.    endPlay(){};
  11.    play(){
  12.        //初始化游戏
  13.        this.initialize();
  14.        //开始游戏
  15.        this.startPlay();
  16.        //结束游戏
  17.        this.endPlay();
  18.    }
  19. }

子类只需要通过基类流程中的方法即可

  1. class Cricket extends Game {
  2.     endPlay() {
  3.        console.log("Cricket Game Finished!");
  4.     }
  5.     initialize() {
  6.        console.log("Cricket Game Initialized! Start playing.");
  7.     }
  8.     startPlay() {
  9.        console.log("Cricket Game Started. Enjoy the game!");
  10.     }
  11. }
  13. class Football extends Game {
  14.     endPlay() {
  15.        console.log("Football Game Finished!");
  16.     }
  17.     initialize() {
  18.        console.log("Football Game Initialized! Start playing.");
  19.     }
  20.     startPlay() {
  21.        console.log("Football Game Started. Enjoy the game!");
  22.     }
  23. }

最终都是通过play进行运行

  1. let game = new Cricket();
  2. game.play();
  3. console.log('');
  4. game = new Football();
  5. game.play();    
  6. /**
  7.  * output:
  8.  * Cricket Game Initialized! Start playing.
  9.  * Cricket Game Started. Enjoy the game!
  10.  * Cricket Game Finished!
  11.  * 
  12.  * Football Game Initialized! Start playing.
  13.  * Football Game Started. Enjoy the game!
  14.  * Football Game Finished!
  15.  */

模板模式的优势

只需要关注自己功能的实现，而不需要着眼整个流程。

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