以下内容基于Linux系统,特别为Ubuntu系统
1. 安装kubectl
curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl && chmod +x kubectl && sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
下载指定版本,例如下载v1.9.0版本
curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.9.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl && chmod +x kubectl && sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
2. 安装minikube
minikube
的源码地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube
2.1 安装minikube
以下命令为安装latest
版本的minikube
。
curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 && chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/
安装指定版本可到https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases下载对应版本。
例如:以下为安装v0.28.2
版本
curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/v0.28.2/minikube-linux-amd64 && chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/
2.2 minikube命令帮助
Minikube is a CLI tool that provisions and manages single-node Kubernetes clusters optimized for development workflows.
Usage:
minikube [command]
Available Commands:
addons Modify minikube's kubernetes addons
cache Add or delete an image from the local cache.
completion Outputs minikube shell completion for the given shell (bash or zsh)
config Modify minikube config
dashboard Opens/displays the kubernetes dashboard URL for your local cluster
delete Deletes a local kubernetes cluster
docker-env Sets up docker env variables; similar to '$(docker-machine env)'
get-k8s-versions Gets the list of Kubernetes versions available for minikube when using the localkube bootstrapper
ip Retrieves the IP address of the running cluster
logs Gets the logs of the running localkube instance, used for debugging minikube, not user code
mount Mounts the specified directory into minikube
profile Profile sets the current minikube profile
service Gets the kubernetes URL(s) for the specified service in your local cluster
ssh Log into or run a command on a machine with SSH; similar to 'docker-machine ssh'
ssh-key Retrieve the ssh identity key path of the specified cluster
start Starts a local kubernetes cluster
status Gets the status of a local kubernetes cluster
stop Stops a running local kubernetes cluster
update-check Print current and latest version number
update-context Verify the IP address of the running cluster in kubeconfig.
version Print the version of minikube
Flags:
--alsologtostderr log to standard error as well as files
-b, --bootstrapper string The name of the cluster bootstrapper that will set up the kubernetes cluster. (default "localkube")
--log_backtrace_at traceLocation when logging hits line file:N, emit a stack trace (default :0)
--log_dir string If non-empty, write log files in this directory
--loglevel int Log level (0 = DEBUG, 5 = FATAL) (default 1)
--logtostderr log to standard error instead of files
-p, --profile string The name of the minikube VM being used.
This can be modified to allow for multiple minikube instances to be run independently (default "minikube")
--stderrthreshold severity logs at or above this threshold go to stderr (default 2)
-v, --v Level log level for V logs
--vmodule moduleSpec comma-separated list of pattern=N settings for file-filtered logging
Use "minikube [command] --help" for more information about a command.
3. 使用minikube安装k8s集群
3.1. minikube start
可以以Docker
的方式运行k8s的组件,但需要先安装Docker(可参考Docker安装),启动参数使用--vm-driver=none
。
minikube start --vm-driver=none
例如:
root@ubuntu:~# minikube start --vm-driver=none
Starting local Kubernetes v1.10.0 cluster...
Starting VM...
Getting VM IP address...
Moving files into cluster...
Downloading kubeadm v1.10.0
Downloading kubelet v1.10.0
^[[DFinished Downloading kubelet v1.10.0
Finished Downloading kubeadm v1.10.0
Setting up certs...
Connecting to cluster...
Setting up kubeconfig...
Starting cluster components...
Kubectl is now configured to use the cluster.
===================
WARNING: IT IS RECOMMENDED NOT TO RUN THE NONE DRIVER ON PERSONAL WORKSTATIONS
The 'none' driver will run an insecure kubernetes apiserver as root that may leave the host vulnerable to CSRF attacks
When using the none driver, the kubectl config and credentials generated will be root owned and will appear in the root home directory.
You will need to move the files to the appropriate location and then set the correct permissions. An example of this is below:
sudo mv /root/.kube $HOME/.kube # this will write over any previous configuration
sudo chown -R $USER $HOME/.kube
sudo chgrp -R $USER $HOME/.kube
sudo mv /root/.minikube $HOME/.minikube # this will write over any previous configuration
sudo chown -R $USER $HOME/.minikube
sudo chgrp -R $USER $HOME/.minikube
This can also be done automatically by setting the env var CHANGE_MINIKUBE_NONE_USER=true
Loading cached images from config file.
安装指定版本的kubernetes集群
# 查阅版本
minikube get-k8s-versions
# 选择版本启动
minikube start --kubernetes-version v1.7.3 --vm-driver=none
3.2. minikube status
$ minikube status
minikube: Running
cluster: Running
kubectl: Correctly Configured: pointing to minikube-vm at 172.16.94.139
3.3. minikube stop
minikube stop
命令可以用来停止集群。 该命令会关闭 minikube 虚拟机,但将保留所有集群状态和数据。 再次启动集群将恢复到之前的状态。
3.4. minikube delete
minikube delete
命令可以用来删除集群。 该命令将关闭并删除 minikube 虚拟机。没有数据或状态会被保存下来。
4. 查看部署结果
4.1. 部署组件
root@ubuntu:~# kubectl get all --namespace=kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/etcd-minikube 1/1 Running 0 38m
pod/kube-addon-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 38m
pod/kube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 1 39m
pod/kube-controller-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 38m
pod/kube-dns-86f4d74b45-bdfnx 3/3 Running 0 38m
pod/kube-proxy-dqdvg 1/1 Running 0 38m
pod/kube-scheduler-minikube 1/1 Running 0 38m
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-5498ccf677-c2gnh 1/1 Running 0 38m
pod/storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 0 38m
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP 38m
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.104.48.227 <none> 80:30000/TCP 38m
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
daemonset.apps/kube-proxy 1 1 1 1 1 <none> 38m
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/kube-dns 1 1 1 1 38m
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard 1 1 1 1 38m
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/kube-dns-86f4d74b45 1 1 1 38m
replicaset.apps/kubernetes-dashboard-5498ccf677 1 1 1 38m
4.2. dashboard
通过访问ip:port
,例如:http://172.16.94.139:30000/,可以访问k8s的`dashboard`控制台。
5. troubleshooting
5.1. 没有安装VirtualBox
[root@minikube ~]# minikube start
Starting local Kubernetes v1.10.0 cluster...
Starting VM...
Downloading Minikube ISO
160.27 MB / 160.27 MB [============================================] 100.00% 0s
E0727 15:47:08.655647 9407 start.go:174] Error starting host: Error creating host: Error executing step: Running precreate checks.
: VBoxManage not found. Make sure VirtualBox is installed and VBoxManage is in the path.
Retrying.
E0727 15:47:08.656994 9407 start.go:180] Error starting host: Error creating host: Error executing step: Running precreate checks.
: VBoxManage not found. Make sure VirtualBox is installed and VBoxManage is in the path
================================================================================
An error has occurred. Would you like to opt in to sending anonymized crash
information to minikube to help prevent future errors?
To opt out of these messages, run the command:
minikube config set WantReportErrorPrompt false
================================================================================
Please enter your response [Y/n]:
解决方法,先安装VirtualBox。
5.2. 没有安装Docker
[root@minikube ~]# minikube start --vm-driver=none
Starting local Kubernetes v1.10.0 cluster...
Starting VM...
E0727 15:56:54.936706 9441 start.go:174] Error starting host: Error creating host: Error executing step: Running precreate checks.
: docker cannot be found on the path for this machine. A docker installation is a requirement for using the none driver: exec: "docker": executable file not found in $PATH.
Retrying.
E0727 15:56:54.938930 9441 start.go:180] Error starting host: Error creating host: Error executing step: Running precreate checks.
: docker cannot be found on the path for this machine. A docker installation is a requirement for using the none driver: exec: "docker": executable file not found in $PATH
解决方法,先安装Docker。
文章参考:
https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube
https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/