执行多个步骤（step）

Pipelines 由多个步骤（step）组成，允许你构建、测试和部署应用。Jenkins Pipeline 允许您使用一种简单的方式组合多个步骤，以帮助您实现多种类型的自动化构建过程。

可以把“步骤（step）”看作一个执行单一动作的单一的命令。当一个步骤运行成功时继续运行下一个步骤。当任何一个步骤执行失败时，Pipeline 的执行结果也为失败。

当所有的步骤都执行完成并且为成功时，Pipeline 的执行结果为成功。

Linux、BSD 和 Mac OS

在 Linux、BSD 和 Mac OS（类 Unix ) 系统中的 shell 命令， 对应于 Pipeline 中的一个 sh 步骤（step）。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)

  1. pipeline {
  2.     agent any
  3.     stages {
  4.         stage('Build') {
  5.             steps {
  6.                 sh 'echo "Hello World"'
  7.                 sh '''
  8.                     echo "Multiline shell steps works too"
  9.                     ls -lah
  10.                 '''
  11.             }
  12.         }
  13.     }
  14. }

Toggle Scripted Pipeline(Advanced)

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)

  1. node {
  2.     stage('Build') {
  3.         sh 'echo "Hello World"'
  4.         sh '''
  5.             echo "Multiline shell steps works too"
  6.             ls -lah
  7.         '''
  8.     }
  9. }

Windows

基于 Windows 的系统使用 bat 步骤表示执行批处理命令。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)

  1. pipeline {
  2.     agent any
  3.     stages {
  4.         stage('Build') {
  5.             steps {
  6.                 bat 'set'
  7.             }
  8.         }
  9.     }
  10. }

Toggle Scripted Pipeline(Advanced)

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)

  1. node {
  2.     stage('Build') {
  3.         bat 'set'
  4.     }
  5. }

超时、重试和更多

Jenkins Pipeline 提供了很多的步骤（step），这些步骤可以相互组合嵌套，方便地解决像重复执行步骤直到成功（重试）和如果一个步骤执行花费的时间太长则退出（超时）等问题。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)

  1. pipeline {
  2.     agent any
  3.     stages {
  4.         stage('Deploy') {
  5.             steps {
  6.                 retry(3) {
  7.                     sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
  8.                 }
  10.                 timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
  11.                     sh './health-check.sh'
  12.                 }
  13.             }
  14.         }
  15.     }
  16. }

Toggle Scripted Pipeline(Advanced)

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)

  1. node {
  2.     stage('Deploy') {
  3.         retry(3) {
  4.             sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
  5.         }
  7.         timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
  8.             sh './health-check.sh'
  9.         }
  10.     }
  11. }

“Deploy”阶段（stage）重复执行 flakey-deploy.sh 脚本3次，然后等待 health-check.sh 脚本最长执行3分钟。如果 health-check.sh 脚本在 3 分钟内没有完成，Pipeline 将会标记在“Deploy”阶段失败。

内嵌类型的步骤，例如 timeout 和 retry 可以包含其他的步骤，包括 timeout 和 retry 。

我们也可以组合这些步骤。例如，如果我们想要重试部署任务 5 次，但是总共花费的时间不能超过 3 分钟。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)

  1. pipeline {
  2.     agent any
  3.     stages {
  4.         stage('Deploy') {
  5.             steps {
  6.                 timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
  7.                     retry(5) {
  8.                         sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
  9.                     }
  10.                 }
  11.             }
  12.         }
  13.     }
  14. }

Toggle Scripted Pipeline(Advanced)

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)

  1. node {
  2.     stage('Deploy') {
  3.         timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
  4.             retry(5) {
  5.                 sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
  6.             }
  7.         }
  8.     }
  9. }

完成时动作

当 Pipeline 运行完成时，你可能需要做一些清理工作或者基于 Pipeline 的运行结果执行不同的操作，这些操作可以放在 post 部分。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)

  1. pipeline {
  2.     agent any
  3.     stages {
  4.         stage('Test') {
  5.             steps {
  6.                 sh 'echo "Fail!"; exit 1'
  7.             }
  8.         }
  9.     }
  10.     post {
  11.         always {
  12.             echo 'This will always run'
  13.         }
  14.         success {
  15.             echo 'This will run only if successful'
  16.         }
  17.         failure {
  18.             echo 'This will run only if failed'
  19.         }
  20.         unstable {
  21.             echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'
  22.         }
  23.         changed {
  24.             echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'
  25.             echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'
  26.         }
  27.     }
  28. }

Toggle Scripted Pipeline(Advanced)

Jenkinsfile (Scripted Pipeline)

  1. node {
  2.     try {
  3.         stage('Test') {
  4.             sh 'echo "Fail!"; exit 1'
  5.         }
  6.         echo 'This will run only if successful'
  7.     } catch (e) {
  8.         echo 'This will run only if failed'
  10.         // Since we're catching the exception in order to report on it,
  11.         // we need to re-throw it, to ensure that the build is marked as failed
  12.         throw e
  13.     } finally {
  14.         def currentResult = currentBuild.result ?: 'SUCCESS'
  15.         if (currentResult == 'UNSTABLE') {
  16.             echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'
  17.         }
  19.         def previousResult = currentBuild.previousBuild?.result
  20.         if (previousResult != null && previousResult != currentResult) {
  21.             echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'
  22.             echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'
  23.         }
  25.         echo 'This will always run'
  26.     }
  27. }