OpenShift

To install and run Kuma on OpenShift execute the following steps:

• 1. Download Kuma
• 2. Run Kuma
• 3. Use Kuma

Finally you can follow the Quickstart to take it from here and continue your Kuma journey.

1. Download Kuma

To run Kuma on OpenShift, you need to download a compatible version of Kuma for the machine from which you will be executing the commands.

• Script
• Direct Link

You can run the following script to automatically detect the operating system and download Kuma:

curl -L https://kuma.io/installer.sh | VERSION=1.4.1 sh -

You can also download the distribution manually. Download a distribution for the client host from where you will be executing the commands to access OpenShift:

• CentOS
• RedHat
• Debian
• Ubuntu
• macOS or brew install kumactl

and extract the archive with:

tar xvzf kuma-*.tar.gz

2. Run Kuma

Once downloaded, you will find the contents of Kuma in the kuma-1.4.1 folder. In this folder, you will find - among other files - the bin directory that stores the executables for Kuma, including the CLI client kumactl.

Note: On OpenShift - of all the Kuma binaries in the bin folder - we only need kumactl.

So we enter the bin folder by executing:

cd kuma-1.4.1/bin

We suggest adding the kumactl executable to your PATH so that it’s always available in every working directory. Or - alternatively - you can also create link in /usr/local/bin/ by executing:

ln -s $PWD/kumactl /usr/local/bin/kumactl

Finally we can install and run Kuma in either standalone or multi-zone mode:

• OpenShift 4.x (Standalone))
• OpenShift 3.11 (Standalone))
• Multi-Zone

Standalone mode is perfect when running Kuma in a single cluster across one environment:

./kumactl install control-plane --cni-enabled | oc apply -f -

Starting from version 4.1 OpenShift utilizes nftables instead of iptables. So using init container for redirecting traffic to the proxy is no longer works. Instead, we use kuma-cni which could be installed with --cni-enabled flag.

Standalone mode is perfect when running Kuma in a single cluster across one environment.

By default MutatingAdmissionWebhook and ValidatingAdmissionWebhook are disabled on OpenShift 3.11. In order to make it work add the following pluginConfig into /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml on the master node:

admissionConfig:
  pluginConfig:
    MutatingAdmissionWebhook:
      configuration:
        apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
        kubeConfigFile: /dev/null
        kind: WebhookAdmission
    ValidatingAdmissionWebhook:
      configuration:
        apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
        kubeConfigFile: /dev/null
        kind: WebhookAdmission

After updating master-config.yaml restart the cluster and install control-plane:

./kumactl install control-plane | oc apply -f -

Multi-zone mode is perfect when running one deployment of Kuma that spans across multiple Kubernetes clusters, clouds and VM environments under the same Kuma deployment.

This mode also supports hybrid Kubernetes + VMs deployments.

To learn more, read the multi-zone installation instructions.

It may take a while for OpenShift to start the Kuma resources, you can check the status by executing:

oc get pod -n kuma-system

3. Use Kuma

Kuma (kuma-cp) will be installed in the newly created kuma-system namespace! Now that Kuma has been installed, you can access the control-plane via either the GUI, oc, the HTTP API, or the CLI:

• GUI (Read-Only))
• oc (Read & Write))
• HTTP API (Read-Only))
• kumactl (Read-Only))

Kuma ships with a read-only GUI that you can use to retrieve Kuma resources. By default the GUI listens on the API port and defaults to :5681/gui.

To access Kuma we need to first port-forward the API service with:

kubectl port-forward svc/kuma-control-plane -n kuma-system 5681:5681

And then navigate to 127.0.0.1:5681/gui to see the GUI.

You can use Kuma with oc to perform read and write operations on Kuma resources. For example:

oc get meshes
# NAME          AGE
# default       1m

or you can enable mTLS on the default Mesh with:

echo "apiVersion: kuma.io/v1alpha1
kind: Mesh
metadata:
  name: default
spec:
  mtls:
    enabledBackend: ca-1
    backends:
    - name: ca-1
      type: builtin" | oc apply -f -

Kuma ships with a read-only HTTP API that you can use to retrieve Kuma resources.

By default the HTTP API listens on port 5681. To access Kuma we need to first port-forward the API service with:

oc port-forward svc/kuma-control-plane -n kuma-system 5681:5681

And then you can navigate to 127.0.0.1:5681 to see the HTTP API.

You can use the kumactl CLI to perform read-only operations on Kuma resources. The kumactl binary is a client to the Kuma HTTP API, you will need to first port-forward the API service with:

oc port-forward svc/kuma-control-plane -n kuma-system 5681:5681

and then run kumactl, for example:

kumactl get meshes
# NAME          mTLS      METRICS      LOGGING   TRACING
# default       off       off          off       off

You can configure kumactl to point to any zone kuma-cp instance by running:

kumactl config control-planes add --name=XYZ --address=http://{address-to-kuma}:5681

You will notice that Kuma automatically creates a Mesh entity with name default.

Kuma explicitly specifies UID for kuma-dp sidecar to avoid capturing traffic from kuma-dp itself. For that reason, nonroot Security Context Constraint has to be granted to the application namespace:

oc adm policy add-scc-to-group nonroot system:serviceaccounts:<app-namespace>

If namespace is not configured properly, we will see following error on the Deployment or DeploymentConfig

'pods "kuma-demo-backend-v0-cd6b68b54-" is forbidden: unable to validate against any security context constraint: [spec.containers[1].securityContext.securityContext.runAsUser: Invalid value: 5678: must be in the ranges: [1000540000, 1000549999]]'

4. Quickstart

Congratulations! You have successfully installed Kuma on OpenShift 🚀.

In order to start using Kuma, it’s time to check out the quickstart guide for Kubernetes deployments.

Before running Kuma Demo in the Quickstart, remember to run the following command

oc adm policy add-scc-to-group anyuid system:serviceaccounts:kuma-demo

In case of Kuma Demo, one of the component requires root access therefore we use anyuid instead of nonroot permission.