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Character literals are enclosed in single quotes ‘’ and can contain the same escape sequences as strings - with one exception: the platform dependent newline (\p) is not allowed as it may be wider than one character (often it is the pair CR/LF for example). Here are the valid escape sequences for character literals:
| Escape sequence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| \r, \c | carriage return |
| \n, \l | line feed |
| \f | form feed |
| \t | tabulator |
| \v | vertical tabulator |
| \ | backslash |
| \” | quotation mark |
| \’ | apostrophe |
| \ ‘0’..’9’+ | character with decimal value d; all decimal digits directly following are used for the character |
| \a | alert |
| \b | backspace |
| \e | escape [ESC] |
| \x HH | character with hex value HH; exactly two hex digits are allowed |
A character is not an Unicode character but a single byte. The reason for this is efficiency: for the overwhelming majority of use-cases, the resulting programs will still handle UTF-8 properly as UTF-8 was specially designed for this. Another reason is that Nim can thus support array[char, int] or set[char] efficiently as many algorithms rely on this feature. The Rune type is used for Unicode characters, it can represent any Unicode character. Rune is declared in the unicode module.
