JavaScript 中使用正则表达式

创建正则对象

方式1：

var reg = new Regex('\d', 'i');
var reg = new Regex('\d', 'gi');

方式2：

var reg = /\d/i;
var reg = /\d/gi;

参数

正则匹配

// 匹配日期
var dateStr = '2015-10-10';
var reg = /^\d{4}-\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}$/
console.log(reg.test(dateStr));

正则提取

// 1. 提取工资
var str = "张三：1000，李四：5000，王五：8000。";
var array = str.match(/\d+/g);
console.log(array);
// 2. 提取email地址
var str = "123123@xx.com,fangfang@valuedopinions.cn 286669312@qq.com 2、emailenglish@emailenglish.englishtown.com 286669312@qq.com...";
var array = str.match(/\w+@\w+\.\w+(\.\w+)?/g);
console.log(array);
// 3. 分组提取  
// 3. 提取日期中的年部分  2015-5-10
var dateStr = '2016-1-5';
// 正则表达式中的()作为分组来使用，获取分组匹配到的结果用Regex.$1 $2 $3....来获取
var reg = /(\d{4})-\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}/;
if (reg.test(dateStr)) {
  console.log(RegExp.$1);
}
// 4. 提取邮件中的每一部分
var reg = /(\w+)@(\w+)\.(\w+)(\.\w+)?/;
var str = "123123@xx.com";
if (reg.test(str)) {
  console.log(RegExp.$1);
  console.log(RegExp.$2);
  console.log(RegExp.$3);
}

正则替换

// 1. 替换所有空白
var str = "   123AD  asadf   asadfasf  adf ";
str = str.replace(/\s/g,"xx");
console.log(str);
// 2. 替换所有,|，
var str = "abc,efg,123，abc,123，a";
str = str.replace(/,|，/g, ".");
console.log(str);

案例：表单验证

QQ号：<input type="text" id="txtQQ"><span></span><br>
邮箱：<input type="text" id="txtEMail"><span></span><br>
手机：<input type="text" id="txtPhone"><span></span><br>
生日：<input type="text" id="txtBirthday"><span></span><br>
姓名：<input type="text" id="txtName"><span></span><br>

//获取文本框
var txtQQ = document.getElementById("txtQQ");
var txtEMail = document.getElementById("txtEMail");
var txtPhone = document.getElementById("txtPhone");
var txtBirthday = document.getElementById("txtBirthday");
var txtName = document.getElementById("txtName");
//
txtQQ.onblur = function () {
  //获取当前文本框对应的span
  var span = this.nextElementSibling;
  var reg = /^\d{5,12}$/;
  //判断验证是否成功
  if(!reg.test(this.value) ){
    //验证不成功
    span.innerText = "请输入正确的QQ号";
    span.style.color = "red";
  }else{
    //验证成功
    span.innerText = "";
    span.style.color = "";
  }
};
//txtEMail
txtEMail.onblur = function () {
  //获取当前文本框对应的span
  var span = this.nextElementSibling;
  var reg = /^\w+@\w+\.\w+(\.\w+)?$/;
  //判断验证是否成功
  if(!reg.test(this.value) ){
    //验证不成功
    span.innerText = "请输入正确的EMail地址";
    span.style.color = "red";
  }else{
    //验证成功
    span.innerText = "";
    span.style.color = "";
  }
};

表单验证部分，封装成函数：

var regBirthday = /^\d{4}-\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}$/;
addCheck(txtBirthday, regBirthday, "请输入正确的出生日期");
//给文本框添加验证
function addCheck(element, reg, tip) {
  element.onblur = function () {
    //获取当前文本框对应的span
    var span = this.nextElementSibling;
    //判断验证是否成功
    if(!reg.test(this.value) ){
      //验证不成功
      span.innerText = tip;
      span.style.color = "red";
    }else{
      //验证成功
      span.innerText = "";
      span.style.color = "";
    }
  };
}

通过给元素增加自定义验证属性对表单进行验证：

<form id="frm">
  QQ号：<input type="text" name="txtQQ" data-rule="qq"><span></span><br>
  邮箱：<input type="text" name="txtEMail" data-rule="email"><span></span><br>
  手机：<input type="text" name="txtPhone" data-rule="phone"><span></span><br>
  生日：<input type="text" name="txtBirthday" data-rule="date"><span></span><br>
  姓名：<input type="text" name="txtName" data-rule="cn"><span></span><br>
</form>

// 所有的验证规则
var rules = [
  {
    name: 'qq',
    reg: /^\d{5,12}$/,
    tip: "请输入正确的QQ"
  },
  {
    name: 'email',
    reg: /^\w+@\w+\.\w+(\.\w+)?$/,
    tip: "请输入正确的邮箱地址"
  },
  {
    name: 'phone',
    reg: /^\d{11}$/,
    tip: "请输入正确的手机号码"
  },
  {
    name: 'date',
    reg: /^\d{4}-\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}$/,
    tip: "请输入正确的出生日期"
  },
  {
    name: 'cn',
    reg: /^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]{2,4}$/,
    tip: "请输入正确的姓名"
  }];
addCheck('frm');
//给文本框添加验证
function addCheck(formId) {
  var i = 0,
      len = 0,
      frm =document.getElementById(formId);
  len = frm.children.length;
  for (; i < len; i++) {
    var element = frm.children[i];
    // 表单元素中有name属性的元素添加验证
    if (element.name) {
      element.onblur = function () {
        // 使用dataset获取data-自定义属性的值
        var ruleName = this.dataset.rule;
        var rule =getRuleByRuleName(rules, ruleName);
        var span = this.nextElementSibling;
        //判断验证是否成功
        if(!rule.reg.test(this.value) ){
          //验证不成功
          span.innerText = rule.tip;
          span.style.color = "red";
        }else{
          //验证成功
          span.innerText = "";
          span.style.color = "";
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
// 根据规则的名称获取规则对象
function getRuleByRuleName(rules, ruleName) {
  var i = 0,
      len = rules.length;
  var rule = null;
  for (; i < len; i++) {
    if (rules[i].name == ruleName) {
      rule = rules[i];
      break;
    }
  }
  return rule;
}