At most one repetition

for 2018 edition

for 2015 edition

In Rust 2018, we have made a couple of changes to the macros-by-example syntax.

• We have added a new Kleene operator ? which means "at most one"repetition. This operator does not accept a separator token.
• We have disallowed using ? as a separator to remove ambiguity with ?.For example, consider the following Rust 2015 code:

#![allow(unused_variables)]
fn main() {
macro_rules! foo {
    ($a:ident, $b:expr) => {
        println!("{}", $a);
        println!("{}", $b);
    };
    ($a:ident) => {
        println!("{}", $a);
    }
}
}

Macro foo can be called with 1 or 2 arguments; the second one is optional,but you need a whole other matcher to represent this possibility. This isannoying if your matchers are long. In Rust 2018, one can simply write thefollowing:

#![allow(unused_variables)]
fn main() {
macro_rules! foo {
    ($a:ident $(, $b:expr)?) => {
        println!("{}", $a);
        $(
            println!("{}", $b);
         )?
    }
}
}