Dialects

The dialect is the system SQLAlchemy uses to communicate with various types of DBAPI implementations and databases.The sections that follow contain reference documentation and notes specific to the usage of each backend, as well as notesfor the various DBAPIs.

All dialects require that an appropriate DBAPI driver is installed.

Included Dialects

• PostgreSQL
• MySQL
• SQLite
• Oracle
• Microsoft SQL Server

Included, but not currently supported dialects

The following dialects have implementations within SQLAlchemy, but they are notpart of continuous integration testing nor are they actively developed.These dialects may be removed in future major releases.

• Firebird
• Sybase

External Dialects

Currently maintained external dialect projects for SQLAlchemy include:

• ibm_db_sa - driver for IBM DB2 and Informix.

• PyHive - driver for Apache Hive and Presto.

• sqlalchemy-redshift - driver for Amazon Redshift, adaptsthe existing PostgreSQL/psycopg2 driver.

• sqlalchemy-drill - driver for Apache Drill.

• sqlalchemy-hana - driver for SAP Hana.

• sqlalchemy_exasol - driver for EXASolution.

• sqlalchemy-sqlany - driver for SAP Sybase SQLAnywhere, developed by SAP.

• sqlalchemy-monetdb - driver for MonetDB.

• snowflake-sqlalchemy - driver for Snowflake.

• sqlalchemy-tds - driver for MS-SQL,on top of python-tds.

• crate - driver for CrateDB.

• sqlalchemy-access - driver for Microsoft Access,on top of pyodbc.