Core Internals

Some key internal constructs are listed here.

class sqlalchemy.engine.BindTyping

Define different methods of passing typing information for bound parameters in a statement to the database driver.

New in version 2.0.

Members

NONE, RENDER_CASTS, SETINPUTSIZES

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.engine.BindTyping (enum.Enum)

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.BindTyping.NONE = 1

  No steps are taken to pass typing information to the database driver.

  This is the default behavior for databases such as SQLite, MySQL / MariaDB, SQL Server.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.BindTyping.RENDER_CASTS = 3

  Render casts or other directives in the SQL string.

  This method is used for all PostgreSQL dialects, including asyncpg, pg8000, psycopg, psycopg2. Dialects which implement this can choose which kinds of datatypes are explicitly cast in SQL statements and which aren’t.

  When RENDER_CASTS is used, the compiler will invoke the SQLCompiler.render_bind_cast() method for each BindParameter object whose dialect-level type sets the TypeEngine.render_bind_cast attribute.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.BindTyping.SETINPUTSIZES = 2

  Use the pep-249 setinputsizes method.

  This is only implemented for DBAPIs that support this method and for which the SQLAlchemy dialect has the appropriate infrastructure for that dialect set up. Current dialects include cx_Oracle as well as optional support for SQL Server using pyodbc.

  When using setinputsizes, dialects also have a means of only using the method for certain datatypes using include/exclude lists.

  When SETINPUTSIZES is used, the Dialect.do_set_input_sizes() method is called for each statement executed which has bound parameters.

class sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled

Represent a compiled SQL or DDL expression.

Members

__init__(), cache_key, compile_state, construct_params(), dml_compile_state, execution_options, params, sql_compiler, state, statement, string

The __str__ method of the Compiled object should produce the actual text of the statement. Compiled objects are specific to their underlying database dialect, and also may or may not be specific to the columns referenced within a particular set of bind parameters. In no case should the Compiled object be dependent on the actual values of those bind parameters, even though it may reference those values as defaults.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.__init__(dialect: Dialect, statement: Optional[ClauseElement], schema_translate_map: Optional[SchemaTranslateMapType] = None, render_schema_translate: bool = False, compile_kwargs: Mapping[str, Any] = {})

  Construct a new Compiled object.

  • Parameters:

    • dialect – Dialect to compile against.

    • statement – ClauseElement to be compiled.

    • schema_translate_map –

      dictionary of schema names to be translated when forming the resultant SQL

      New in version 1.1.

      See also

      Translation of Schema Names

    • compile_kwargs – additional kwargs that will be passed to the initial call to Compiled.process().

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.cache_key: Optional[CacheKey] = None

  The CacheKey that was generated ahead of creating this Compiled object.

  This is used for routines that need access to the original CacheKey instance generated when the Compiled instance was first cached, typically in order to reconcile the original list of BindParameter objects with a per-statement list that’s generated on each call.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.compile_state: Optional[CompileState] = None

  Optional CompileState object that maintains additional state used by the compiler.

  Major executable objects such as Insert, Update, Delete, Select will generate this state when compiled in order to calculate additional information about the object. For the top level object that is to be executed, the state can be stored here where it can also have applicability towards result set processing.

  New in version 1.4.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.construct_params(params: Optional[_CoreSingleExecuteParams] = None, extracted_parameters: Optional[Sequence[BindParameter[Any]]] = None, escape_names: bool = True) → Optional[_MutableCoreSingleExecuteParams]

  Return the bind params for this compiled object.

  • Parameters:

    params – a dict of string/object pairs whose values will override bind values compiled in to the statement.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.dml_compile_state: Optional[CompileState] = None

  Optional CompileState assigned at the same point that .isinsert, .isupdate, or .isdelete is assigned.

  This will normally be the same object as .compile_state, with the exception of cases like the ORMFromStatementCompileState object.

  New in version 1.4.40.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.execution_options: _ExecuteOptions = {}

  Execution options propagated from the statement. In some cases, sub-elements of the statement can modify these.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.params

  Return the bind params for this compiled object.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.sql_compiler

  Return a Compiled that is capable of processing SQL expressions.

  If this compiler is one, it would likely just return ‘self’.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.state: CompilerState

  description of the compiler’s state

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.statement: Optional[ClauseElement] = None

  The statement to compile.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Compiled.string: str = ‘’

  The string representation of the statement

class sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPIConnection

protocol representing a PEP 249 database connection.

New in version 2.0.

See also

Connection Objects - in PEP 249

Members

autocommit, close(), commit(), cursor(), rollback()

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPIConnection (typing.Protocol)

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPIConnection.autocommit: bool

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPIConnection.close() → None

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPIConnection.commit() → None

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPIConnection.cursor() → DBAPICursor

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPIConnection.rollback() → None

class sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor

protocol representing a PEP 249 database cursor.

New in version 2.0.

See also

Cursor Objects - in PEP 249

Members

arraysize, callproc(), close(), description, execute(), executemany(), fetchall(), fetchmany(), fetchone(), lastrowid, nextset(), rowcount, setinputsizes(), setoutputsize()

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor (typing.Protocol)

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.arraysize: int

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.callproc(procname: str, parameters: Sequence[Any] = Ellipsis) → Any

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.close() → None

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.description

  The description attribute of the Cursor.

  See also

  cursor.description - in PEP 249

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.execute(operation: Any, parameters: Optional[Union[Sequence[Any], Mapping[str, Any]]] = None) → Any

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.executemany(operation: Any, parameters: Sequence[Union[Sequence[Sequence[Any]], Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]]]]) → Any

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.fetchall() → Sequence[Any]

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.fetchmany(size: int = Ellipsis) → Sequence[Any]

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.fetchone() → Optional[Any]

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.lastrowid: int

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.nextset() → Optional[bool]

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.rowcount

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.setinputsizes(sizes: Sequence[Any]) → None

• method sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPICursor.setoutputsize(size: Any, column: Any) → None

class sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPIType

protocol representing a PEP 249 database type.

New in version 2.0.

See also

Type Objects - in PEP 249

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.DBAPIType (typing.Protocol)

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler

Members

__init__(), cache_key, compile_state, construct_params(), define_constraint_remote_table(), dml_compile_state, execution_options, params, sql_compiler, state, statement, string

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler (sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.Compiled)

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.__init__(dialect: Dialect, statement: Optional[ClauseElement], schema_translate_map: Optional[SchemaTranslateMapType] = None, render_schema_translate: bool = False, compile_kwargs: Mapping[str, Any] = {})

  inherited from the sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.Compiled.__init__ method of Compiled

  Construct a new Compiled object.

  • Parameters:

    • dialect – Dialect to compile against.

    • statement – ClauseElement to be compiled.

    • schema_translate_map –

      dictionary of schema names to be translated when forming the resultant SQL

      New in version 1.1.

      See also

      Translation of Schema Names

    • compile_kwargs – additional kwargs that will be passed to the initial call to Compiled.process().

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.cache_key: Optional[CacheKey] = None

  inherited from the Compiled.cache_key attribute of Compiled

  The CacheKey that was generated ahead of creating this Compiled object.

  This is used for routines that need access to the original CacheKey instance generated when the Compiled instance was first cached, typically in order to reconcile the original list of BindParameter objects with a per-statement list that’s generated on each call.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.compile_state: Optional[CompileState] = None

  inherited from the Compiled.compile_state attribute of Compiled

  Optional CompileState object that maintains additional state used by the compiler.

  Major executable objects such as Insert, Update, Delete, Select will generate this state when compiled in order to calculate additional information about the object. For the top level object that is to be executed, the state can be stored here where it can also have applicability towards result set processing.

  New in version 1.4.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.construct_params(params: Optional[_CoreSingleExecuteParams] = None, extracted_parameters: Optional[Sequence[BindParameter[Any]]] = None, escape_names: bool = True) → Optional[_MutableCoreSingleExecuteParams]

  Return the bind params for this compiled object.

  • Parameters:

    params – a dict of string/object pairs whose values will override bind values compiled in to the statement.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.define_constraint_remote_table(constraint, table, preparer)

  Format the remote table clause of a CREATE CONSTRAINT clause.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.dml_compile_state: Optional[CompileState] = None

  inherited from the Compiled.dml_compile_state attribute of Compiled

  Optional CompileState assigned at the same point that .isinsert, .isupdate, or .isdelete is assigned.

  This will normally be the same object as .compile_state, with the exception of cases like the ORMFromStatementCompileState object.

  New in version 1.4.40.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.execution_options: _ExecuteOptions = {}

  inherited from the Compiled.execution_options attribute of Compiled

  Execution options propagated from the statement. In some cases, sub-elements of the statement can modify these.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.params

  inherited from the Compiled.params attribute of Compiled

  Return the bind params for this compiled object.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.sql_compiler

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.state: CompilerState

  description of the compiler’s state

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.statement: Optional[ClauseElement] = None

  inherited from the Compiled.statement attribute of Compiled

  The statement to compile.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler.string: str = ‘’

  inherited from the Compiled.string attribute of Compiled

  The string representation of the statement

class sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect

Default implementation of Dialect

Members

bind_typing, colspecs, connect(), construct_arguments, create_connect_args(), create_xid(), cte_follows_insert, dbapi, dbapi_exception_translation_map, ddl_compiler, default_isolation_level, default_metavalue_token, default_schema_name, default_sequence_base, delete_executemany_returning, delete_returning, delete_returning_multifrom, denormalize_name(), div_is_floordiv, do_begin(), do_begin_twophase(), do_close(), do_commit(), do_commit_twophase(), do_execute(), do_execute_no_params(), do_executemany(), do_ping(), do_prepare_twophase(), do_recover_twophase(), do_release_savepoint(), do_rollback(), do_rollback_to_savepoint(), do_rollback_twophase(), do_savepoint(), do_set_input_sizes(), do_terminate(), driver, engine_config_types, engine_created(), exclude_set_input_sizes, execute_sequence_format, execution_ctx_cls, favor_returning_over_lastrowid, full_returning, get_async_dialect_cls(), get_check_constraints(), get_columns(), get_default_isolation_level(), get_dialect_cls(), get_dialect_pool_class(), get_driver_connection(), get_foreign_keys(), get_indexes(), get_isolation_level(), get_isolation_level_values(), get_materialized_view_names(), get_multi_check_constraints(), get_multi_columns(), get_multi_foreign_keys(), get_multi_indexes(), get_multi_pk_constraint(), get_multi_table_comment(), get_multi_table_options(), get_multi_unique_constraints(), get_pk_constraint(), get_schema_names(), get_sequence_names(), get_table_comment(), get_table_names(), get_table_options(), get_temp_table_names(), get_temp_view_names(), get_unique_constraints(), get_view_definition(), get_view_names(), has_index(), has_schema(), has_sequence(), has_table(), has_terminate, identifier_preparer, import_dbapi(), include_set_input_sizes, initialize(), inline_comments, insert_executemany_returning, insert_returning, insertmanyvalues_max_parameters, insertmanyvalues_page_size, is_async, is_disconnect(), label_length, load_provisioning(), loaded_dbapi, max_identifier_length, name, normalize_name(), on_connect(), on_connect_url(), paramstyle, positional, preexecute_autoincrement_sequences, preparer, reflection_options, reset_isolation_level(), sequences_optional, server_side_cursors, server_version_info, set_connection_execution_options(), set_engine_execution_options(), set_isolation_level(), statement_compiler, supports_alter, supports_comments, supports_constraint_comments, supports_default_metavalue, supports_default_values, supports_empty_insert, supports_identity_columns, supports_multivalues_insert, supports_native_boolean, supports_native_decimal, supports_native_enum, supports_native_uuid, supports_sane_multi_rowcount, supports_sane_rowcount, supports_sane_rowcount_returning, supports_sequences, supports_server_side_cursors, supports_simple_order_by_label, supports_statement_cache, tuple_in_values, type_compiler, type_compiler_cls, type_compiler_instance, type_descriptor(), update_executemany_returning, update_returning, update_returning_multifrom, use_insertmanyvalues, use_insertmanyvalues_wo_returning

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect (sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.Dialect)

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.bind_typing = 1

  define a means of passing typing information to the database and/or driver for bound parameters.

  See BindTyping for values.

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.colspecs: MutableMapping[Type[TypeEngine[Any]], Type[TypeEngine[Any]]] = {}

  A dictionary of TypeEngine classes from sqlalchemy.types mapped to subclasses that are specific to the dialect class. This dictionary is class-level only and is not accessed from the dialect instance itself.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.connect(*cargs, **cparams)

  Establish a connection using this dialect’s DBAPI.

  The default implementation of this method is:

  def connect(self, *cargs, **cparams):
      return self.dbapi.connect(*cargs, **cparams)

  The *cargs, **cparams parameters are generated directly from this dialect’s Dialect.create_connect_args() method.

  This method may be used for dialects that need to perform programmatic per-connection steps when a new connection is procured from the DBAPI.

  • Parameters:

    • *cargs – positional parameters returned from the Dialect.create_connect_args() method

    • **cparams – keyword parameters returned from the Dialect.create_connect_args() method.

    Returns:

    a DBAPI connection, typically from the PEP 249 module level .connect() function.

  See also

  Dialect.create_connect_args()

  Dialect.on_connect()

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.construct_arguments: Optional[List[Tuple[Type[Union[SchemaItem, ClauseElement]], Mapping[str, Any]]]] = None

  inherited from the Dialect.construct_arguments attribute of Dialect

  Optional set of argument specifiers for various SQLAlchemy constructs, typically schema items.

  To implement, establish as a series of tuples, as in:

  construct_arguments = [
      (schema.Index, {
          "using": False,
          "where": None,
          "ops": None
      })
  ]

  If the above construct is established on the PostgreSQL dialect, the Index construct will now accept the keyword arguments postgresql_using, postgresql_where, nad postgresql_ops. Any other argument specified to the constructor of Index which is prefixed with postgresql_ will raise ArgumentError.

  A dialect which does not include a construct_arguments member will not participate in the argument validation system. For such a dialect, any argument name is accepted by all participating constructs, within the namespace of arguments prefixed with that dialect name. The rationale here is so that third-party dialects that haven’t yet implemented this feature continue to function in the old way.

  New in version 0.9.2.

  See also

  DialectKWArgs - implementing base class which consumes DefaultDialect.construct_arguments

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.create_connect_args(url)

  Build DB-API compatible connection arguments.

  Given a URL object, returns a tuple consisting of a (*args, **kwargs) suitable to send directly to the dbapi’s connect function. The arguments are sent to the Dialect.connect() method which then runs the DBAPI-level connect() function.

  The method typically makes use of the URL.translate_connect_args() method in order to generate a dictionary of options.

  The default implementation is:

  def create_connect_args(self, url):
      opts = url.translate_connect_args()
      opts.update(url.query)
      return [[], opts]

  • Parameters:

    url – a URL object

    Returns:

    a tuple of (*args, **kwargs) which will be passed to the Dialect.connect() method.

  See also

  URL.translate_connect_args()

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.create_xid()

  Create a random two-phase transaction ID.

  This id will be passed to do_begin_twophase(), do_rollback_twophase(), do_commit_twophase(). Its format is unspecified.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.cte_follows_insert: bool = False

  target database, when given a CTE with an INSERT statement, needs the CTE to be below the INSERT

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.dbapi: Optional[ModuleType]

  A reference to the DBAPI module object itself.

  SQLAlchemy dialects import DBAPI modules using the classmethod Dialect.import_dbapi(). The rationale is so that any dialect module can be imported and used to generate SQL statements without the need for the actual DBAPI driver to be installed. Only when an Engine is constructed using create_engine() does the DBAPI get imported; at that point, the creation process will assign the DBAPI module to this attribute.

  Dialects should therefore implement Dialect.import_dbapi() which will import the necessary module and return it, and then refer to self.dbapi in dialect code in order to refer to the DBAPI module contents.

  Changed in version The: Dialect.dbapi attribute is exclusively used as the per-Dialect-instance reference to the DBAPI module. The previous not-fully-documented .Dialect.dbapi() classmethod is deprecated and replaced by Dialect.import_dbapi().

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.dbapi_exception_translation_map: Mapping[str, str] = {}

  inherited from the Dialect.dbapi_exception_translation_map attribute of Dialect

  A dictionary of names that will contain as values the names of pep-249 exceptions (“IntegrityError”, “OperationalError”, etc) keyed to alternate class names, to support the case where a DBAPI has exception classes that aren’t named as they are referred to (e.g. IntegrityError = MyException). In the vast majority of cases this dictionary is empty.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.ddl_compiler

  alias of DDLCompiler

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.default_isolation_level: Optional[IsolationLevel]

  the isolation that is implicitly present on new connections

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.default_metavalue_token: str = ‘DEFAULT’

  for INSERT… VALUES (DEFAULT) syntax, the token to put in the parenthesis.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.default_schema_name: Optional[str] = None

  the name of the default schema. This value is only available for supporting dialects, and is typically populated during the initial connection to the database.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.default_sequence_base: int = 1

  the default value that will be rendered as the “START WITH” portion of a CREATE SEQUENCE DDL statement.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.delete_executemany_returning: bool = False

  dialect supports DELETE..RETURNING with executemany.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.delete_returning: bool = False

  if the dialect supports RETURNING with DELETE

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.delete_returning_multifrom: bool = False

  if the dialect supports RETURNING with DELETE..FROM

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.denormalize_name(name)

  convert the given name to a case insensitive identifier for the backend if it is an all-lowercase name.

  This method is only used if the dialect defines requires_name_normalize=True.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.div_is_floordiv: bool = True

  target database treats the / division operator as “floor division”

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_begin(dbapi_connection)

  Provide an implementation of connection.begin(), given a DB-API connection.

  The DBAPI has no dedicated “begin” method and it is expected that transactions are implicit. This hook is provided for those DBAPIs that might need additional help in this area.

  • Parameters:

    dbapi_connection – a DBAPI connection, typically proxied within a ConnectionFairy.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_begin_twophase(connection: Connection, xid: Any) → None

  inherited from the Dialect.do_begin_twophase() method of Dialect

  Begin a two phase transaction on the given connection.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • xid – xid

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_close(dbapi_connection)

  Provide an implementation of connection.close(), given a DBAPI connection.

  This hook is called by the Pool when a connection has been detached from the pool, or is being returned beyond the normal capacity of the pool.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_commit(dbapi_connection)

  Provide an implementation of connection.commit(), given a DB-API connection.

  • Parameters:

    dbapi_connection – a DBAPI connection, typically proxied within a ConnectionFairy.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_commit_twophase(connection: Connection, xid: Any, is_prepared: bool = True, recover: bool = False) → None

  inherited from the Dialect.do_commit_twophase() method of Dialect

  Commit a two phase transaction on the given connection.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • xid – xid

    • is_prepared – whether or not TwoPhaseTransaction.prepare() was called.

    • recover – if the recover flag was passed.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_execute(cursor, statement, parameters, context=None)

  Provide an implementation of cursor.execute(statement, parameters).

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_execute_no_params(cursor, statement, context=None)

  Provide an implementation of cursor.execute(statement).

  The parameter collection should not be sent.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_executemany(cursor, statement, parameters, context=None)

  Provide an implementation of cursor.executemany(statement, parameters).

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_ping(dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) → bool

  ping the DBAPI connection and return True if the connection is usable.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_prepare_twophase(connection: Connection, xid: Any) → None

  inherited from the Dialect.do_prepare_twophase() method of Dialect

  Prepare a two phase transaction on the given connection.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • xid – xid

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_recover_twophase(connection: Connection) → List[Any]

  inherited from the Dialect.do_recover_twophase() method of Dialect

  Recover list of uncommitted prepared two phase transaction identifiers on the given connection.

  • Parameters:

    connection – a Connection.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_release_savepoint(connection, name)

  Release the named savepoint on a connection.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • name – savepoint name.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_rollback(dbapi_connection)

  Provide an implementation of connection.rollback(), given a DB-API connection.

  • Parameters:

    dbapi_connection – a DBAPI connection, typically proxied within a ConnectionFairy.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_rollback_to_savepoint(connection, name)

  Rollback a connection to the named savepoint.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • name – savepoint name.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_rollback_twophase(connection: Connection, xid: Any, is_prepared: bool = True, recover: bool = False) → None

  inherited from the Dialect.do_rollback_twophase() method of Dialect

  Rollback a two phase transaction on the given connection.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • xid – xid

    • is_prepared – whether or not TwoPhaseTransaction.prepare() was called.

    • recover – if the recover flag was passed.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_savepoint(connection, name)

  Create a savepoint with the given name.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • name – savepoint name.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_set_input_sizes(cursor: DBAPICursor, list_of_tuples: _GenericSetInputSizesType, context: ExecutionContext) → Any

  inherited from the Dialect.do_set_input_sizes() method of Dialect

  invoke the cursor.setinputsizes() method with appropriate arguments

  This hook is called if the Dialect.bind_typing attribute is set to the BindTyping.SETINPUTSIZES value. Parameter data is passed in a list of tuples (paramname, dbtype, sqltype), where paramname is the key of the parameter in the statement, dbtype is the DBAPI datatype and sqltype is the SQLAlchemy type. The order of tuples is in the correct parameter order.

  New in version 1.4.

  Changed in version 2.0: - setinputsizes mode is now enabled by setting Dialect.bind_typing to BindTyping.SETINPUTSIZES. Dialects which accept a use_setinputsizes parameter should set this value appropriately.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.do_terminate(dbapi_connection)

  Provide an implementation of connection.close() that tries as much as possible to not block, given a DBAPI connection.

  In the vast majority of cases this just calls .close(), however for some asyncio dialects may call upon different API features.

  This hook is called by the Pool when a connection is being recycled or has been invalidated.

  New in version 1.4.41.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.driver: str

  identifying name for the dialect’s DBAPI

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.engine_config_types: Mapping[str, Any] = {‘echo’: <function bool_or_str.<locals>.bool_or_value>, ‘echo_pool’: <function bool_or_str.<locals>.bool_or_value>, ‘future’: <function asbool>, ‘max_overflow’: <function asint>, ‘pool_recycle’: <function asint>, ‘pool_size’: <function asint>, ‘pool_timeout’: <function asint>}

  a mapping of string keys that can be in an engine config linked to type conversion functions.

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.engine_created(engine: Engine) → None

  inherited from the Dialect.engine_created() method of Dialect

  A convenience hook called before returning the final Engine.

  If the dialect returned a different class from the get_dialect_cls() method, then the hook is called on both classes, first on the dialect class returned by the get_dialect_cls() method and then on the class on which the method was called.

  The hook should be used by dialects and/or wrappers to apply special events to the engine or its components. In particular, it allows a dialect-wrapping class to apply dialect-level events.

  New in version 1.0.3.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.exclude_set_input_sizes: Optional[Set[Any]] = None

  set of DBAPI type objects that should be excluded in automatic cursor.setinputsizes() calls.

  This is only used if bind_typing is BindTyping.SET_INPUT_SIZES

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.execute_sequence_format

  alias of tuple

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.execution_ctx_cls

  alias of DefaultExecutionContext

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.favor_returning_over_lastrowid: bool = False

  for backends that support both a lastrowid and a RETURNING insert strategy, favor RETURNING for simple single-int pk inserts.

  cursor.lastrowid tends to be more performant on most backends.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.full_returning

  Deprecated since version 2.0: full_returning is deprecated, please use insert_returning, update_returning, delete_returning

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_async_dialect_cls(url: URL) → Type[Dialect]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_async_dialect_cls() method of Dialect

  Given a URL, return the Dialect that will be used by an async engine.

  By default this is an alias of Dialect.get_dialect_cls() and just returns the cls. It may be used if a dialect provides both a sync and async version under the same name, like the psycopg driver.

  New in version 2.

  See also

  Dialect.get_dialect_cls()

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_check_constraints(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[ReflectedCheckConstraint]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_check_constraints() method of Dialect

  Return information about check constraints in table_name.

  Given a string table_name and an optional string schema, return check constraint information as a list of dicts corresponding to the ReflectedCheckConstraint dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_check_constraints().

  New in version 1.1.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_columns(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[ReflectedColumn]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_columns() method of Dialect

  Return information about columns in table_name.

  Given a Connection, a string table_name, and an optional string schema, return column information as a list of dictionaries corresponding to the ReflectedColumn dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_columns().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_default_isolation_level(dbapi_conn)

  Given a DBAPI connection, return its isolation level, or a default isolation level if one cannot be retrieved.

  May be overridden by subclasses in order to provide a “fallback” isolation level for databases that cannot reliably retrieve the actual isolation level.

  By default, calls the Interfaces.get_isolation_level() method, propagating any exceptions raised.

  New in version 1.3.22.

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_dialect_cls(url: URL) → Type[Dialect]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_dialect_cls() method of Dialect

  Given a URL, return the Dialect that will be used.

  This is a hook that allows an external plugin to provide functionality around an existing dialect, by allowing the plugin to be loaded from the url based on an entrypoint, and then the plugin returns the actual dialect to be used.

  By default this just returns the cls.

  New in version 1.0.3.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_dialect_pool_class(url: URL) → Type[Pool]

  return a Pool class to use for a given URL

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_driver_connection(connection)

  Returns the connection object as returned by the external driver package.

  For normal dialects that use a DBAPI compliant driver this call will just return the connection passed as argument. For dialects that instead adapt a non DBAPI compliant driver, like when adapting an asyncio driver, this call will return the connection-like object as returned by the driver.

  New in version 1.4.24.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_foreign_keys(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[ReflectedForeignKeyConstraint]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_foreign_keys() method of Dialect

  Return information about foreign_keys in table_name.

  Given a Connection, a string table_name, and an optional string schema, return foreign key information as a list of dicts corresponding to the ReflectedForeignKeyConstraint dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_foreign_keys().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_indexes(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[ReflectedIndex]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_indexes() method of Dialect

  Return information about indexes in table_name.

  Given a Connection, a string table_name and an optional string schema, return index information as a list of dictionaries corresponding to the ReflectedIndex dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_indexes().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_isolation_level(dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) → Literal[‘SERIALIZABLE’, ‘REPEATABLE READ’, ‘READ COMMITTED’, ‘READ UNCOMMITTED’, ‘AUTOCOMMIT’]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_isolation_level() method of Dialect

  Given a DBAPI connection, return its isolation level.

  When working with a Connection object, the corresponding DBAPI connection may be procured using the Connection.connection accessor.

  Note that this is a dialect-level method which is used as part of the implementation of the Connection and Engine isolation level facilities; these APIs should be preferred for most typical use cases.

  See also

  Connection.get_isolation_level() - view current level

  Connection.default_isolation_level - view default level

  Connection.execution_options.isolation_level - set per Connection isolation level

  create_engine.isolation_level - set per Engine isolation level

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_isolation_level_values(dbapi_conn: DBAPIConnection) → List[Literal[‘SERIALIZABLE’, ‘REPEATABLE READ’, ‘READ COMMITTED’, ‘READ UNCOMMITTED’, ‘AUTOCOMMIT’]]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_isolation_level_values() method of Dialect

  return a sequence of string isolation level names that are accepted by this dialect.

  The available names should use the following conventions:

  • use UPPERCASE names. isolation level methods will accept lowercase names but these are normalized into UPPERCASE before being passed along to the dialect.

  • separate words should be separated by spaces, not underscores, e.g. REPEATABLE READ. isolation level names will have underscores converted to spaces before being passed along to the dialect.

  • The names for the four standard isolation names to the extent that they are supported by the backend should be READ UNCOMMITTED READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, SERIALIZABLE

  • if the dialect supports an autocommit option it should be provided using the isolation level name AUTOCOMMIT.

  • Other isolation modes may also be present, provided that they are named in UPPERCASE and use spaces not underscores.

  This function is used so that the default dialect can check that a given isolation level parameter is valid, else raises an ArgumentError.

  A DBAPI connection is passed to the method, in the unlikely event that the dialect needs to interrogate the connection itself to determine this list, however it is expected that most backends will return a hardcoded list of values. If the dialect supports “AUTOCOMMIT”, that value should also be present in the sequence returned.

  The method raises NotImplementedError by default. If a dialect does not implement this method, then the default dialect will not perform any checking on a given isolation level value before passing it onto the Dialect.set_isolation_level() method. This is to allow backwards-compatibility with third party dialects that may not yet be implementing this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_materialized_view_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() method of Dialect

  Return a list of all materialized view names available in the database.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_materialized_view_names().

  • Parameters:

    schema –

    schema name to query, if not the default schema.

    New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_multi_check_constraints(connection, **kw)

  Return information about check constraints in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_check_constraints().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_multi_columns(connection, **kw)

  Return information about columns in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_columns().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_multi_foreign_keys(connection, **kw)

  Return information about foreign_keys in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_foreign_keys().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_multi_indexes(connection, **kw)

  Return information about indexes in in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_indexes().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_multi_pk_constraint(connection, **kw)

  Return information about primary key constraints in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_pk_constraint().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_multi_table_comment(connection, **kw)

  Return information about the table comment in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_table_comment().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_multi_table_options(connection, **kw)

  Return a dictionary of options specified when the tables in the given schema were created.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_table_options().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_multi_unique_constraints(connection, **kw)

  Return information about unique constraints in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_unique_constraints().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_pk_constraint(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → ReflectedPrimaryKeyConstraint

  inherited from the Dialect.get_pk_constraint() method of Dialect

  Return information about the primary key constraint on table_name`.

  Given a Connection, a string table_name, and an optional string schema, return primary key information as a dictionary corresponding to the ReflectedPrimaryKeyConstraint dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_pk_constraint().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_schema_names(connection: Connection, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_schema_names() method of Dialect

  Return a list of all schema names available in the database.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_schema_names().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_sequence_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_sequence_names() method of Dialect

  Return a list of all sequence names available in the database.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_sequence_names().

  • Parameters:

    schema – schema name to query, if not the default schema.

  New in version 1.4.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_table_comment(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → ReflectedTableComment

  inherited from the Dialect.get_table_comment() method of Dialect

  Return the “comment” for the table identified by table_name.

  Given a string table_name and an optional string schema, return table comment information as a dictionary corresponding to the ReflectedTableComment dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_table_comment().

  • Raise:

    NotImplementedError for dialects that don’t support comments.

  New in version 1.2.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_table_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_table_names() method of Dialect

  Return a list of table names for schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_table_names().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_table_options(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → Dict[str, Any]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_table_options() method of Dialect

  Return a dictionary of options specified when table_name was created.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_table_options().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_temp_table_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_temp_table_names() method of Dialect

  Return a list of temporary table names on the given connection, if supported by the underlying backend.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_temp_table_names().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_temp_view_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_temp_view_names() method of Dialect

  Return a list of temporary view names on the given connection, if supported by the underlying backend.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_temp_view_names().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_unique_constraints(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[ReflectedUniqueConstraint]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_unique_constraints() method of Dialect

  Return information about unique constraints in table_name.

  Given a string table_name and an optional string schema, return unique constraint information as a list of dicts corresponding to the ReflectedUniqueConstraint dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_unique_constraints().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_view_definition(connection: Connection, view_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → str

  inherited from the Dialect.get_view_definition() method of Dialect

  Return plain or materialized view definition.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_view_definition().

  Given a Connection, a string view_name, and an optional string schema, return the view definition.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.get_view_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  inherited from the Dialect.get_view_names() method of Dialect

  Return a list of all non-materialized view names available in the database.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_view_names().

  • Parameters:

    schema – schema name to query, if not the default schema.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.has_index(connection, table_name, index_name, schema=None, **kw)

  Check the existence of a particular index name in the database.

  Given a Connection object, a string table_name and string index name, return True if an index of the given name on the given table exists, False otherwise.

  The DefaultDialect implements this in terms of the Dialect.has_table() and Dialect.get_indexes() methods, however dialects can implement a more performant version.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.has_index().

  New in version 1.4.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.has_schema(connection: Connection, schema_name: str, **kw: Any) → bool

  Check the existence of a particular schema name in the database.

  Given a Connection object, a string schema_name, return True if a schema of the given exists, False otherwise.

  The DefaultDialect implements this by checking the presence of schema_name among the schemas returned by Dialect.get_schema_names(), however dialects can implement a more performant version.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.has_schema().

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.has_sequence(connection: Connection, sequence_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → bool

  inherited from the Dialect.has_sequence() method of Dialect

  Check the existence of a particular sequence in the database.

  Given a Connection object and a string sequence_name, return True if the given sequence exists in the database, False otherwise.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.has_sequence().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.has_table(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → bool

  inherited from the Dialect.has_table() method of Dialect

  For internal dialect use, check the existence of a particular table or view in the database.

  Given a Connection object, a string table_name and optional schema name, return True if the given table exists in the database, False otherwise.

  This method serves as the underlying implementation of the public facing Inspector.has_table() method, and is also used internally to implement the “checkfirst” behavior for methods like Table.create() and MetaData.create_all().

  Note

  This method is used internally by SQLAlchemy, and is published so that third-party dialects may provide an implementation. It is not the public API for checking for table presence. Please use the Inspector.has_table() method.

  Changed in version 2.0::: Dialect.has_table() now formally supports checking for additional table-like objects:

  • any type of views (plain or materialized)

  • temporary tables of any kind

  Previously, these two checks were not formally specified and different dialects would vary in their behavior. The dialect testing suite now includes tests for all of these object types, and dialects to the degree that the backing database supports views or temporary tables should seek to support locating these objects for full compliance.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.has_terminate: bool = False

  Whether or not this dialect has a separate “terminate” implementation that does not block or require awaiting.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.identifier_preparer: IdentifierPreparer

  This element will refer to an instance of IdentifierPreparer once a DefaultDialect has been constructed.

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.import_dbapi() → module

  inherited from the Dialect.import_dbapi() method of Dialect

  Import the DBAPI module that is used by this dialect.

  The Python module object returned here will be assigned as an instance variable to a constructed dialect under the name .dbapi.

  Changed in version 2.0: The Dialect.import_dbapi() class method is renamed from the previous method .Dialect.dbapi(), which would be replaced at dialect instantiation time by the DBAPI module itself, thus using the same name in two different ways. If a .Dialect.dbapi() classmethod is present on a third-party dialect, it will be used and a deprecation warning will be emitted.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.include_set_input_sizes: Optional[Set[Any]] = None

  set of DBAPI type objects that should be included in automatic cursor.setinputsizes() calls.

  This is only used if bind_typing is BindTyping.SET_INPUT_SIZES

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.initialize(connection)

  Called during strategized creation of the dialect with a connection.

  Allows dialects to configure options based on server version info or other properties.

  The connection passed here is a SQLAlchemy Connection object, with full capabilities.

  The initialize() method of the base dialect should be called via super().

  Note

  as of SQLAlchemy 1.4, this method is called before any Dialect.on_connect() hooks are called.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.inline_comments: bool = False

  Indicates the dialect supports comment DDL that’s inline with the definition of a Table or Column. If False, this implies that ALTER must be used to set table and column comments.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.insert_executemany_returning: bool

  dialect / driver / database supports some means of providing INSERT…RETURNING support when dialect.do_executemany() is used.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.insert_returning: bool = False

  if the dialect supports RETURNING with INSERT

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.insertmanyvalues_max_parameters: int = 32700

  Alternate to insertmanyvalues_page_size, will additionally limit page size based on number of parameters total in the statement.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.insertmanyvalues_page_size: int = 1000

  Number of rows to render into an individual INSERT..VALUES() statement for ExecuteStyle.INSERTMANYVALUES executions.

  The default dialect defaults this to 1000.

  New in version 2.0.

  See also

  Connection.execution_options.insertmanyvalues_page_size - execution option available on Connection, statements

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.is_async: bool = False

  Whether or not this dialect is intended for asyncio use.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.is_disconnect(e, connection, cursor)

  Return True if the given DB-API error indicates an invalid connection

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.label_length: Optional[int]

  optional user-defined max length for SQL labels

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.load_provisioning()

  set up the provision.py module for this dialect.

  For dialects that include a provision.py module that sets up provisioning followers, this method should initiate that process.

  A typical implementation would be:

  @classmethod
  def load_provisioning(cls):
      __import__("mydialect.provision")

  The default method assumes a module named provision.py inside the owning package of the current dialect, based on the __module__ attribute:

  @classmethod
  def load_provisioning(cls):
      package = ".".join(cls.__module__.split(".")[0:-1])
      try:
          __import__(package + ".provision")
      except ImportError:
          pass

  New in version 1.3.14.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.loaded_dbapi

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.max_identifier_length: int = 9999

  The maximum length of identifier names.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.name: str = ‘default’

  identifying name for the dialect from a DBAPI-neutral point of view (i.e. ‘sqlite’)

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.normalize_name(name)

  convert the given name to lowercase if it is detected as case insensitive.

  This method is only used if the dialect defines requires_name_normalize=True.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.on_connect()

  return a callable which sets up a newly created DBAPI connection.

  The callable should accept a single argument “conn” which is the DBAPI connection itself. The inner callable has no return value.

  E.g.:

  class MyDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
      # ...
      def on_connect(self):
          def do_on_connect(connection):
              connection.execute("SET SPECIAL FLAGS etc")
          return do_on_connect

  This is used to set dialect-wide per-connection options such as isolation modes, Unicode modes, etc.

  The “do_on_connect” callable is invoked by using the PoolEvents.connect() event hook, then unwrapping the DBAPI connection and passing it into the callable.

  Changed in version 1.4: the on_connect hook is no longer called twice for the first connection of a dialect. The on_connect hook is still called before the Dialect.initialize() method however.

  Changed in version 1.4.3: the on_connect hook is invoked from a new method on_connect_url that passes the URL that was used to create the connect args. Dialects can implement on_connect_url instead of on_connect if they need the URL object that was used for the connection in order to get additional context.

  If None is returned, no event listener is generated.

  • Returns:

    a callable that accepts a single DBAPI connection as an argument, or None.

  See also

  Dialect.connect() - allows the DBAPI connect() sequence itself to be controlled.

  Dialect.on_connect_url() - supersedes Dialect.on_connect() to also receive the URL object in context.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.on_connect_url(url: URL) → Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]]

  inherited from the Dialect.on_connect_url() method of Dialect

  return a callable which sets up a newly created DBAPI connection.

  This method is a new hook that supersedes the Dialect.on_connect() method when implemented by a dialect. When not implemented by a dialect, it invokes the Dialect.on_connect() method directly to maintain compatibility with existing dialects. There is no deprecation for Dialect.on_connect() expected.

  The callable should accept a single argument “conn” which is the DBAPI connection itself. The inner callable has no return value.

  E.g.:

  class MyDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
      # ...
      def on_connect_url(self, url):
          def do_on_connect(connection):
              connection.execute("SET SPECIAL FLAGS etc")
          return do_on_connect

  This is used to set dialect-wide per-connection options such as isolation modes, Unicode modes, etc.

  This method differs from Dialect.on_connect() in that it is passed the URL object that’s relevant to the connect args. Normally the only way to get this is from the Dialect.on_connect() hook is to look on the Engine itself, however this URL object may have been replaced by plugins.

  Note

  The default implementation of Dialect.on_connect_url() is to invoke the Dialect.on_connect() method. Therefore if a dialect implements this method, the Dialect.on_connect() method will not be called unless the overriding dialect calls it directly from here.

  New in version 1.4.3: added Dialect.on_connect_url() which normally calls into Dialect.on_connect().

  • Parameters:

    url – a URL object representing the URL that was passed to the Dialect.create_connect_args() method.

    Returns:

    a callable that accepts a single DBAPI connection as an argument, or None.

  See also

  Dialect.on_connect()

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.paramstyle: str

  the paramstyle to be used (some DB-APIs support multiple paramstyles).

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.positional: bool

  True if the paramstyle for this Dialect is positional.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.preexecute_autoincrement_sequences: bool = False

  True if ‘implicit’ primary key functions must be executed separately in order to get their value, if RETURNING is not used.

  This is currently oriented towards PostgreSQL when the implicit_returning=False parameter is used on a Table object.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.preparer

  alias of IdentifierPreparer

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.reflection_options: Sequence[str] = ()

  inherited from the Dialect.reflection_options attribute of Dialect

  Sequence of string names indicating keyword arguments that can be established on a Table object which will be passed as “reflection options” when using Table.autoload_with.

  Current example is “oracle_resolve_synonyms” in the Oracle dialect.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.reset_isolation_level(dbapi_conn)

  Given a DBAPI connection, revert its isolation to the default.

  Note that this is a dialect-level method which is used as part of the implementation of the Connection and Engine isolation level facilities; these APIs should be preferred for most typical use cases.

  See also

  Connection.get_isolation_level() - view current level

  Connection.default_isolation_level - view default level

  Connection.execution_options.isolation_level - set per Connection isolation level

  create_engine.isolation_level - set per Engine isolation level

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.sequences_optional: bool = False

  If True, indicates if the Sequence.optional parameter on the Sequence construct should signal to not generate a CREATE SEQUENCE. Applies only to dialects that support sequences. Currently used only to allow PostgreSQL SERIAL to be used on a column that specifies Sequence() for usage on other backends.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.server_side_cursors: bool = False

  deprecated; indicates if the dialect should attempt to use server side cursors by default

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.server_version_info: Optional[Tuple[Any, …]] = None

  a tuple containing a version number for the DB backend in use.

  This value is only available for supporting dialects, and is typically populated during the initial connection to the database.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.set_connection_execution_options(connection: Connection, opts: Mapping[str, Any]) → None

  Establish execution options for a given connection.

  This is implemented by DefaultDialect in order to implement the Connection.execution_options.isolation_level execution option. Dialects can intercept various execution options which may need to modify state on a particular DBAPI connection.

  New in version 1.4.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.set_engine_execution_options(engine: Engine, opts: Mapping[str, Any]) → None

  Establish execution options for a given engine.

  This is implemented by DefaultDialect to establish event hooks for new Connection instances created by the given Engine which will then invoke the Dialect.set_connection_execution_options() method for that connection.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.set_isolation_level(dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection, level: Literal[‘SERIALIZABLE’, ‘REPEATABLE READ’, ‘READ COMMITTED’, ‘READ UNCOMMITTED’, ‘AUTOCOMMIT’]) → None

  inherited from the Dialect.set_isolation_level() method of Dialect

  Given a DBAPI connection, set its isolation level.

  Note that this is a dialect-level method which is used as part of the implementation of the Connection and Engine isolation level facilities; these APIs should be preferred for most typical use cases.

  If the dialect also implements the Dialect.get_isolation_level_values() method, then the given level is guaranteed to be one of the string names within that sequence, and the method will not need to anticipate a lookup failure.

  See also

  Connection.get_isolation_level() - view current level

  Connection.default_isolation_level - view default level

  Connection.execution_options.isolation_level - set per Connection isolation level

  create_engine.isolation_level - set per Engine isolation level

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.statement_compiler

  alias of SQLCompiler

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_alter: bool = True

  True if the database supports ALTER TABLE - used only for generating foreign key constraints in certain circumstances

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_comments: bool = False

  Indicates the dialect supports comment DDL on tables and columns.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_constraint_comments: bool = False

  Indicates if the dialect supports comment DDL on constraints.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_default_metavalue: bool = False

  dialect supports INSERT… VALUES (DEFAULT) syntax

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_default_values: bool = False

  dialect supports INSERT… DEFAULT VALUES syntax

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_empty_insert: bool = True

  dialect supports INSERT () VALUES ()

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_identity_columns: bool = False

  target database supports IDENTITY

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_multivalues_insert: bool = False

  Target database supports INSERT…VALUES with multiple value sets, i.e. INSERT INTO table (cols) VALUES (…), (…), (…), …

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_native_boolean: bool = False

  Indicates if the dialect supports a native boolean construct. This will prevent Boolean from generating a CHECK constraint when that type is used.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_native_decimal: bool = False

  indicates if Decimal objects are handled and returned for precision numeric types, or if floats are returned

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_native_enum: bool = False

  Indicates if the dialect supports a native ENUM construct. This will prevent Enum from generating a CHECK constraint when that type is used in “native” mode.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_native_uuid: bool = False

  indicates if Python UUID() objects are handled natively by the driver for SQL UUID datatypes.

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_sane_multi_rowcount: bool = True

  Indicate whether the dialect properly implements rowcount for UPDATE and DELETE statements when executed via executemany.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_sane_rowcount: bool = True

  Indicate whether the dialect properly implements rowcount for UPDATE and DELETE statements.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_sane_rowcount_returning

  True if this dialect supports sane rowcount even if RETURNING is in use.

  For dialects that don’t support RETURNING, this is synonymous with supports_sane_rowcount.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_sequences: bool = False

  Indicates if the dialect supports CREATE SEQUENCE or similar.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_server_side_cursors: bool = False

  indicates if the dialect supports server side cursors

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_simple_order_by_label: bool = True

  target database supports ORDER BY <labelname>, where <labelname> refers to a label in the columns clause of the SELECT

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.supports_statement_cache: bool = True

  indicates if this dialect supports caching.

  All dialects that are compatible with statement caching should set this flag to True directly on each dialect class and subclass that supports it. SQLAlchemy tests that this flag is locally present on each dialect subclass before it will use statement caching. This is to provide safety for legacy or new dialects that are not yet fully tested to be compliant with SQL statement caching.

  New in version 1.4.5.

  See also

  Caching for Third Party Dialects

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.tuple_in_values: bool = False

  target database supports tuple IN, i.e. (x, y) IN ((q, p), (r, z))

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.type_compiler: Any

  legacy; this is a TypeCompiler class at the class level, a TypeCompiler instance at the instance level.

  Refer to type_compiler_instance instead.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.type_compiler_cls

  alias of GenericTypeCompiler

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.type_compiler_instance: TypeCompiler

  instance of a Compiled class used to compile SQL type objects

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.type_descriptor(typeobj)

  Provide a database-specific TypeEngine object, given the generic object which comes from the types module.

  This method looks for a dictionary called colspecs as a class or instance-level variable, and passes on to adapt_type().

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.update_executemany_returning: bool = False

  dialect supports UPDATE..RETURNING with executemany.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.update_returning: bool = False

  if the dialect supports RETURNING with UPDATE

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.update_returning_multifrom: bool = False

  if the dialect supports RETURNING with UPDATE..FROM

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.use_insertmanyvalues: bool = False

  if True, indicates “insertmanyvalues” functionality should be used to allow for insert_executemany_returning behavior, if possible.

  In practice, setting this to True means:

  if supports_multivalues_insert, insert_returning and use_insertmanyvalues are all True, the SQL compiler will produce an INSERT that will be interpreted by the DefaultDialect as an ExecuteStyle.INSERTMANYVALUES execution that allows for INSERT of many rows with RETURNING by rewriting a single-row INSERT statement to have multiple VALUES clauses, also executing the statement multiple times for a series of batches when large numbers of rows are given.

  The parameter is False for the default dialect, and is set to True for SQLAlchemy internal dialects SQLite, MySQL/MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQL Server. It remains at False for Oracle, which provides native “executemany with RETURNING” support and also does not support supports_multivalues_insert. For MySQL/MariaDB, those MySQL dialects that don’t support RETURNING will not report insert_executemany_returning as True.

  New in version 2.0.

  See also

  “Insert Many Values” Behavior for INSERT statements

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultDialect.use_insertmanyvalues_wo_returning: bool = False

  if True, and use_insertmanyvalues is also True, INSERT statements that don’t include RETURNING will also use “insertmanyvalues”.

  New in version 2.0.

class sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect

Define the behavior of a specific database and DB-API combination.

Any aspect of metadata definition, SQL query generation, execution, result-set handling, or anything else which varies between databases is defined under the general category of the Dialect. The Dialect acts as a factory for other database-specific object implementations including ExecutionContext, Compiled, DefaultGenerator, and TypeEngine.

Note

Third party dialects should not subclass Dialect directly. Instead, subclass DefaultDialect or descendant class.

Members

bind_typing, colspecs, connect(), construct_arguments, create_connect_args(), create_xid(), cte_follows_insert, dbapi, dbapi_exception_translation_map, ddl_compiler, default_isolation_level, default_metavalue_token, default_schema_name, default_sequence_base, delete_executemany_returning, delete_returning, delete_returning_multifrom, denormalize_name(), div_is_floordiv, do_begin(), do_begin_twophase(), do_close(), do_commit(), do_commit_twophase(), do_execute(), do_execute_no_params(), do_executemany(), do_ping(), do_prepare_twophase(), do_recover_twophase(), do_release_savepoint(), do_rollback(), do_rollback_to_savepoint(), do_rollback_twophase(), do_savepoint(), do_set_input_sizes(), do_terminate(), driver, engine_config_types, engine_created(), exclude_set_input_sizes, execute_sequence_format, execution_ctx_cls, favor_returning_over_lastrowid, get_async_dialect_cls(), get_check_constraints(), get_columns(), get_default_isolation_level(), get_dialect_cls(), get_dialect_pool_class(), get_driver_connection(), get_foreign_keys(), get_indexes(), get_isolation_level(), get_isolation_level_values(), get_materialized_view_names(), get_multi_check_constraints(), get_multi_columns(), get_multi_foreign_keys(), get_multi_indexes(), get_multi_pk_constraint(), get_multi_table_comment(), get_multi_table_options(), get_multi_unique_constraints(), get_pk_constraint(), get_schema_names(), get_sequence_names(), get_table_comment(), get_table_names(), get_table_options(), get_temp_table_names(), get_temp_view_names(), get_unique_constraints(), get_view_definition(), get_view_names(), has_index(), has_schema(), has_sequence(), has_table(), has_terminate, identifier_preparer, import_dbapi(), include_set_input_sizes, initialize(), inline_comments, insert_executemany_returning, insert_returning, insertmanyvalues_max_parameters, insertmanyvalues_page_size, is_async, is_disconnect(), label_length, load_provisioning(), loaded_dbapi, max_identifier_length, name, normalize_name(), on_connect(), on_connect_url(), paramstyle, positional, preexecute_autoincrement_sequences, preparer, reflection_options, reset_isolation_level(), sequences_optional, server_side_cursors, server_version_info, set_connection_execution_options(), set_engine_execution_options(), set_isolation_level(), statement_compiler, supports_alter, supports_comments, supports_constraint_comments, supports_default_metavalue, supports_default_values, supports_empty_insert, supports_identity_columns, supports_multivalues_insert, supports_native_boolean, supports_native_decimal, supports_native_enum, supports_native_uuid, supports_sane_multi_rowcount, supports_sane_rowcount, supports_sequences, supports_server_side_cursors, supports_simple_order_by_label, supports_statement_cache, tuple_in_values, type_compiler, type_compiler_cls, type_compiler_instance, type_descriptor(), update_executemany_returning, update_returning, update_returning_multifrom, use_insertmanyvalues, use_insertmanyvalues_wo_returning

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect (sqlalchemy.event.registry.EventTarget)

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.bind_typing = 1

  define a means of passing typing information to the database and/or driver for bound parameters.

  See BindTyping for values.

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.colspecs: MutableMapping[Type[TypeEngine[Any]], Type[TypeEngine[Any]]]

  A dictionary of TypeEngine classes from sqlalchemy.types mapped to subclasses that are specific to the dialect class. This dictionary is class-level only and is not accessed from the dialect instance itself.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.connect(*cargs: Any, **cparams: Any) → DBAPIConnection

  Establish a connection using this dialect’s DBAPI.

  The default implementation of this method is:

  def connect(self, *cargs, **cparams):
      return self.dbapi.connect(*cargs, **cparams)

  The *cargs, **cparams parameters are generated directly from this dialect’s Dialect.create_connect_args() method.

  This method may be used for dialects that need to perform programmatic per-connection steps when a new connection is procured from the DBAPI.

  • Parameters:

    • *cargs – positional parameters returned from the Dialect.create_connect_args() method

    • **cparams – keyword parameters returned from the Dialect.create_connect_args() method.

    Returns:

    a DBAPI connection, typically from the PEP 249 module level .connect() function.

  See also

  Dialect.create_connect_args()

  Dialect.on_connect()

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.construct_arguments: Optional[List[Tuple[Type[Union[SchemaItem, ClauseElement]], Mapping[str, Any]]]] = None

  Optional set of argument specifiers for various SQLAlchemy constructs, typically schema items.

  To implement, establish as a series of tuples, as in:

  construct_arguments = [
      (schema.Index, {
          "using": False,
          "where": None,
          "ops": None
      })
  ]

  If the above construct is established on the PostgreSQL dialect, the Index construct will now accept the keyword arguments postgresql_using, postgresql_where, nad postgresql_ops. Any other argument specified to the constructor of Index which is prefixed with postgresql_ will raise ArgumentError.

  A dialect which does not include a construct_arguments member will not participate in the argument validation system. For such a dialect, any argument name is accepted by all participating constructs, within the namespace of arguments prefixed with that dialect name. The rationale here is so that third-party dialects that haven’t yet implemented this feature continue to function in the old way.

  New in version 0.9.2.

  See also

  DialectKWArgs - implementing base class which consumes DefaultDialect.construct_arguments

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.create_connect_args(url: URL) → ConnectArgsType

  Build DB-API compatible connection arguments.

  Given a URL object, returns a tuple consisting of a (*args, **kwargs) suitable to send directly to the dbapi’s connect function. The arguments are sent to the Dialect.connect() method which then runs the DBAPI-level connect() function.

  The method typically makes use of the URL.translate_connect_args() method in order to generate a dictionary of options.

  The default implementation is:

  def create_connect_args(self, url):
      opts = url.translate_connect_args()
      opts.update(url.query)
      return [[], opts]

  • Parameters:

    url – a URL object

    Returns:

    a tuple of (*args, **kwargs) which will be passed to the Dialect.connect() method.

  See also

  URL.translate_connect_args()

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.create_xid() → Any

  Create a two-phase transaction ID.

  This id will be passed to do_begin_twophase(), do_rollback_twophase(), do_commit_twophase(). Its format is unspecified.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.cte_follows_insert: bool

  target database, when given a CTE with an INSERT statement, needs the CTE to be below the INSERT

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.dbapi: Optional[ModuleType]

  A reference to the DBAPI module object itself.

  SQLAlchemy dialects import DBAPI modules using the classmethod Dialect.import_dbapi(). The rationale is so that any dialect module can be imported and used to generate SQL statements without the need for the actual DBAPI driver to be installed. Only when an Engine is constructed using create_engine() does the DBAPI get imported; at that point, the creation process will assign the DBAPI module to this attribute.

  Dialects should therefore implement Dialect.import_dbapi() which will import the necessary module and return it, and then refer to self.dbapi in dialect code in order to refer to the DBAPI module contents.

  Changed in version The: Dialect.dbapi attribute is exclusively used as the per-Dialect-instance reference to the DBAPI module. The previous not-fully-documented .Dialect.dbapi() classmethod is deprecated and replaced by Dialect.import_dbapi().

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.dbapi_exception_translation_map: Mapping[str, str] = {}

  A dictionary of names that will contain as values the names of pep-249 exceptions (“IntegrityError”, “OperationalError”, etc) keyed to alternate class names, to support the case where a DBAPI has exception classes that aren’t named as they are referred to (e.g. IntegrityError = MyException). In the vast majority of cases this dictionary is empty.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.ddl_compiler: Type[DDLCompiler]

  a Compiled class used to compile DDL statements

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.default_isolation_level: Optional[IsolationLevel]

  the isolation that is implicitly present on new connections

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.default_metavalue_token: str = ‘DEFAULT’

  for INSERT… VALUES (DEFAULT) syntax, the token to put in the parenthesis.

  E.g. for SQLite this is the keyword “NULL”.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.default_schema_name: Optional[str]

  the name of the default schema. This value is only available for supporting dialects, and is typically populated during the initial connection to the database.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.default_sequence_base: int

  the default value that will be rendered as the “START WITH” portion of a CREATE SEQUENCE DDL statement.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.delete_executemany_returning: bool

  dialect supports DELETE..RETURNING with executemany.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.delete_returning: bool

  if the dialect supports RETURNING with DELETE

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.delete_returning_multifrom: bool

  if the dialect supports RETURNING with DELETE..FROM

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.denormalize_name(name: str) → str

  convert the given name to a case insensitive identifier for the backend if it is an all-lowercase name.

  This method is only used if the dialect defines requires_name_normalize=True.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.div_is_floordiv: bool

  target database treats the / division operator as “floor division”

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_begin(dbapi_connection: PoolProxiedConnection) → None

  Provide an implementation of connection.begin(), given a DB-API connection.

  The DBAPI has no dedicated “begin” method and it is expected that transactions are implicit. This hook is provided for those DBAPIs that might need additional help in this area.

  • Parameters:

    dbapi_connection – a DBAPI connection, typically proxied within a ConnectionFairy.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_begin_twophase(connection: Connection, xid: Any) → None

  Begin a two phase transaction on the given connection.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • xid – xid

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_close(dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) → None

  Provide an implementation of connection.close(), given a DBAPI connection.

  This hook is called by the Pool when a connection has been detached from the pool, or is being returned beyond the normal capacity of the pool.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_commit(dbapi_connection: PoolProxiedConnection) → None

  Provide an implementation of connection.commit(), given a DB-API connection.

  • Parameters:

    dbapi_connection – a DBAPI connection, typically proxied within a ConnectionFairy.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_commit_twophase(connection: Connection, xid: Any, is_prepared: bool = True, recover: bool = False) → None

  Commit a two phase transaction on the given connection.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • xid – xid

    • is_prepared – whether or not TwoPhaseTransaction.prepare() was called.

    • recover – if the recover flag was passed.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_execute(cursor: DBAPICursor, statement: str, parameters: Optional[Union[Sequence[Any], Mapping[str, Any]]], context: Optional[ExecutionContext] = None) → None

  Provide an implementation of cursor.execute(statement, parameters).

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_execute_no_params(cursor: DBAPICursor, statement: str, context: Optional[ExecutionContext] = None) → None

  Provide an implementation of cursor.execute(statement).

  The parameter collection should not be sent.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_executemany(cursor: DBAPICursor, statement: str, parameters: Union[Sequence[Sequence[Any]], Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]]], context: Optional[ExecutionContext] = None) → None

  Provide an implementation of cursor.executemany(statement, parameters).

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_ping(dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) → bool

  ping the DBAPI connection and return True if the connection is usable.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_prepare_twophase(connection: Connection, xid: Any) → None

  Prepare a two phase transaction on the given connection.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • xid – xid

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_recover_twophase(connection: Connection) → List[Any]

  Recover list of uncommitted prepared two phase transaction identifiers on the given connection.

  • Parameters:

    connection – a Connection.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_release_savepoint(connection: Connection, name: str) → None

  Release the named savepoint on a connection.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • name – savepoint name.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_rollback(dbapi_connection: PoolProxiedConnection) → None

  Provide an implementation of connection.rollback(), given a DB-API connection.

  • Parameters:

    dbapi_connection – a DBAPI connection, typically proxied within a ConnectionFairy.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_rollback_to_savepoint(connection: Connection, name: str) → None

  Rollback a connection to the named savepoint.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • name – savepoint name.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_rollback_twophase(connection: Connection, xid: Any, is_prepared: bool = True, recover: bool = False) → None

  Rollback a two phase transaction on the given connection.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • xid – xid

    • is_prepared – whether or not TwoPhaseTransaction.prepare() was called.

    • recover – if the recover flag was passed.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_savepoint(connection: Connection, name: str) → None

  Create a savepoint with the given name.

  • Parameters:

    • connection – a Connection.

    • name – savepoint name.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_set_input_sizes(cursor: DBAPICursor, list_of_tuples: _GenericSetInputSizesType, context: ExecutionContext) → Any

  invoke the cursor.setinputsizes() method with appropriate arguments

  This hook is called if the Dialect.bind_typing attribute is set to the BindTyping.SETINPUTSIZES value. Parameter data is passed in a list of tuples (paramname, dbtype, sqltype), where paramname is the key of the parameter in the statement, dbtype is the DBAPI datatype and sqltype is the SQLAlchemy type. The order of tuples is in the correct parameter order.

  New in version 1.4.

  Changed in version 2.0: - setinputsizes mode is now enabled by setting Dialect.bind_typing to BindTyping.SETINPUTSIZES. Dialects which accept a use_setinputsizes parameter should set this value appropriately.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.do_terminate(dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) → None

  Provide an implementation of connection.close() that tries as much as possible to not block, given a DBAPI connection.

  In the vast majority of cases this just calls .close(), however for some asyncio dialects may call upon different API features.

  This hook is called by the Pool when a connection is being recycled or has been invalidated.

  New in version 1.4.41.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.driver: str

  identifying name for the dialect’s DBAPI

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.engine_config_types: Mapping[str, Any]

  a mapping of string keys that can be in an engine config linked to type conversion functions.

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.engine_created(engine: Engine) → None

  A convenience hook called before returning the final Engine.

  If the dialect returned a different class from the get_dialect_cls() method, then the hook is called on both classes, first on the dialect class returned by the get_dialect_cls() method and then on the class on which the method was called.

  The hook should be used by dialects and/or wrappers to apply special events to the engine or its components. In particular, it allows a dialect-wrapping class to apply dialect-level events.

  New in version 1.0.3.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.exclude_set_input_sizes: Optional[Set[Any]]

  set of DBAPI type objects that should be excluded in automatic cursor.setinputsizes() calls.

  This is only used if bind_typing is BindTyping.SET_INPUT_SIZES

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.execute_sequence_format: Union[Type[Tuple[Any, …]], Type[Tuple[List[Any]]]]

  either the ‘tuple’ or ‘list’ type, depending on what cursor.execute() accepts for the second argument (they vary).

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.execution_ctx_cls: Type[ExecutionContext]

  a ExecutionContext class used to handle statement execution

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.favor_returning_over_lastrowid: bool

  for backends that support both a lastrowid and a RETURNING insert strategy, favor RETURNING for simple single-int pk inserts.

  cursor.lastrowid tends to be more performant on most backends.

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_async_dialect_cls(url: URL) → Type[Dialect]

  Given a URL, return the Dialect that will be used by an async engine.

  By default this is an alias of Dialect.get_dialect_cls() and just returns the cls. It may be used if a dialect provides both a sync and async version under the same name, like the psycopg driver.

  New in version 2.

  See also

  Dialect.get_dialect_cls()

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_check_constraints(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[ReflectedCheckConstraint]

  Return information about check constraints in table_name.

  Given a string table_name and an optional string schema, return check constraint information as a list of dicts corresponding to the ReflectedCheckConstraint dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_check_constraints().

  New in version 1.1.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_columns(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[ReflectedColumn]

  Return information about columns in table_name.

  Given a Connection, a string table_name, and an optional string schema, return column information as a list of dictionaries corresponding to the ReflectedColumn dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_columns().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_default_isolation_level(dbapi_conn: DBAPIConnection) → Literal[‘SERIALIZABLE’, ‘REPEATABLE READ’, ‘READ COMMITTED’, ‘READ UNCOMMITTED’, ‘AUTOCOMMIT’]

  Given a DBAPI connection, return its isolation level, or a default isolation level if one cannot be retrieved.

  This method may only raise NotImplementedError and must not raise any other exception, as it is used implicitly upon first connect.

  The method must return a value for a dialect that supports isolation level settings, as this level is what will be reverted towards when a per-connection isolation level change is made.

  The method defaults to using the Dialect.get_isolation_level() method unless overridden by a dialect.

  New in version 1.3.22.

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_dialect_cls(url: URL) → Type[Dialect]

  Given a URL, return the Dialect that will be used.

  This is a hook that allows an external plugin to provide functionality around an existing dialect, by allowing the plugin to be loaded from the url based on an entrypoint, and then the plugin returns the actual dialect to be used.

  By default this just returns the cls.

  New in version 1.0.3.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_dialect_pool_class(url: URL) → Type[Pool]

  return a Pool class to use for a given URL

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_driver_connection(connection: DBAPIConnection) → Any

  Returns the connection object as returned by the external driver package.

  For normal dialects that use a DBAPI compliant driver this call will just return the connection passed as argument. For dialects that instead adapt a non DBAPI compliant driver, like when adapting an asyncio driver, this call will return the connection-like object as returned by the driver.

  New in version 1.4.24.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_foreign_keys(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[ReflectedForeignKeyConstraint]

  Return information about foreign_keys in table_name.

  Given a Connection, a string table_name, and an optional string schema, return foreign key information as a list of dicts corresponding to the ReflectedForeignKeyConstraint dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_foreign_keys().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_indexes(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[ReflectedIndex]

  Return information about indexes in table_name.

  Given a Connection, a string table_name and an optional string schema, return index information as a list of dictionaries corresponding to the ReflectedIndex dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_indexes().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_isolation_level(dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) → Literal[‘SERIALIZABLE’, ‘REPEATABLE READ’, ‘READ COMMITTED’, ‘READ UNCOMMITTED’, ‘AUTOCOMMIT’]

  Given a DBAPI connection, return its isolation level.

  When working with a Connection object, the corresponding DBAPI connection may be procured using the Connection.connection accessor.

  Note that this is a dialect-level method which is used as part of the implementation of the Connection and Engine isolation level facilities; these APIs should be preferred for most typical use cases.

  See also

  Connection.get_isolation_level() - view current level

  Connection.default_isolation_level - view default level

  Connection.execution_options.isolation_level - set per Connection isolation level

  create_engine.isolation_level - set per Engine isolation level

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_isolation_level_values(dbapi_conn: DBAPIConnection) → List[Literal[‘SERIALIZABLE’, ‘REPEATABLE READ’, ‘READ COMMITTED’, ‘READ UNCOMMITTED’, ‘AUTOCOMMIT’]]

  return a sequence of string isolation level names that are accepted by this dialect.

  The available names should use the following conventions:

  • use UPPERCASE names. isolation level methods will accept lowercase names but these are normalized into UPPERCASE before being passed along to the dialect.

  • separate words should be separated by spaces, not underscores, e.g. REPEATABLE READ. isolation level names will have underscores converted to spaces before being passed along to the dialect.

  • The names for the four standard isolation names to the extent that they are supported by the backend should be READ UNCOMMITTED READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, SERIALIZABLE

  • if the dialect supports an autocommit option it should be provided using the isolation level name AUTOCOMMIT.

  • Other isolation modes may also be present, provided that they are named in UPPERCASE and use spaces not underscores.

  This function is used so that the default dialect can check that a given isolation level parameter is valid, else raises an ArgumentError.

  A DBAPI connection is passed to the method, in the unlikely event that the dialect needs to interrogate the connection itself to determine this list, however it is expected that most backends will return a hardcoded list of values. If the dialect supports “AUTOCOMMIT”, that value should also be present in the sequence returned.

  The method raises NotImplementedError by default. If a dialect does not implement this method, then the default dialect will not perform any checking on a given isolation level value before passing it onto the Dialect.set_isolation_level() method. This is to allow backwards-compatibility with third party dialects that may not yet be implementing this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_materialized_view_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  Return a list of all materialized view names available in the database.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_materialized_view_names().

  • Parameters:

    schema –

    schema name to query, if not the default schema.

    New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_multi_check_constraints(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None, **kw: Any) → Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, List[ReflectedCheckConstraint]]]

  Return information about check constraints in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_check_constraints().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_multi_columns(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None, **kw: Any) → Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, List[ReflectedColumn]]]

  Return information about columns in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_columns().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_multi_foreign_keys(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None, **kw: Any) → Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, List[ReflectedForeignKeyConstraint]]]

  Return information about foreign_keys in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_foreign_keys().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_multi_indexes(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None, **kw: Any) → Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, List[ReflectedIndex]]]

  Return information about indexes in in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_indexes().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_multi_pk_constraint(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None, **kw: Any) → Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, ReflectedPrimaryKeyConstraint]]

  Return information about primary key constraints in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_pk_constraint().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_multi_table_comment(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None, **kw: Any) → Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, ReflectedTableComment]]

  Return information about the table comment in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_table_comment().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_multi_table_options(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None, **kw: Any) → Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, Dict[str, Any]]]

  Return a dictionary of options specified when the tables in the given schema were created.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_table_options().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_multi_unique_constraints(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None, **kw: Any) → Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, List[ReflectedUniqueConstraint]]]

  Return information about unique constraints in all tables in the given schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_multi_unique_constraints().

  Note

  The DefaultDialect provides a default implementation that will call the single table method for each object returned by Dialect.get_table_names(), Dialect.get_view_names() or Dialect.get_materialized_view_names() depending on the provided kind. Dialects that want to support a faster implementation should implement this method.

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_pk_constraint(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → ReflectedPrimaryKeyConstraint

  Return information about the primary key constraint on table_name`.

  Given a Connection, a string table_name, and an optional string schema, return primary key information as a dictionary corresponding to the ReflectedPrimaryKeyConstraint dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_pk_constraint().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_schema_names(connection: Connection, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  Return a list of all schema names available in the database.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_schema_names().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_sequence_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  Return a list of all sequence names available in the database.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_sequence_names().

  • Parameters:

    schema – schema name to query, if not the default schema.

  New in version 1.4.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_table_comment(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → ReflectedTableComment

  Return the “comment” for the table identified by table_name.

  Given a string table_name and an optional string schema, return table comment information as a dictionary corresponding to the ReflectedTableComment dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_table_comment().

  • Raise:

    NotImplementedError for dialects that don’t support comments.

  New in version 1.2.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_table_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  Return a list of table names for schema.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_table_names().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_table_options(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → Dict[str, Any]

  Return a dictionary of options specified when table_name was created.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_table_options().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_temp_table_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  Return a list of temporary table names on the given connection, if supported by the underlying backend.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_temp_table_names().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_temp_view_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  Return a list of temporary view names on the given connection, if supported by the underlying backend.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_temp_view_names().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_unique_constraints(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[ReflectedUniqueConstraint]

  Return information about unique constraints in table_name.

  Given a string table_name and an optional string schema, return unique constraint information as a list of dicts corresponding to the ReflectedUniqueConstraint dictionary.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_unique_constraints().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_view_definition(connection: Connection, view_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → str

  Return plain or materialized view definition.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_view_definition().

  Given a Connection, a string view_name, and an optional string schema, return the view definition.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.get_view_names(connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → List[str]

  Return a list of all non-materialized view names available in the database.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.get_view_names().

  • Parameters:

    schema – schema name to query, if not the default schema.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.has_index(connection: Connection, table_name: str, index_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → bool

  Check the existence of a particular index name in the database.

  Given a Connection object, a string table_name and string index name, return True if an index of the given name on the given table exists, False otherwise.

  The DefaultDialect implements this in terms of the Dialect.has_table() and Dialect.get_indexes() methods, however dialects can implement a more performant version.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.has_index().

  New in version 1.4.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.has_schema(connection: Connection, schema_name: str, **kw: Any) → bool

  Check the existence of a particular schema name in the database.

  Given a Connection object, a string schema_name, return True if a schema of the given exists, False otherwise.

  The DefaultDialect implements this by checking the presence of schema_name among the schemas returned by Dialect.get_schema_names(), however dialects can implement a more performant version.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.has_schema().

  New in version 2.0.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.has_sequence(connection: Connection, sequence_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → bool

  Check the existence of a particular sequence in the database.

  Given a Connection object and a string sequence_name, return True if the given sequence exists in the database, False otherwise.

  This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use Inspector.has_sequence().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.has_table(connection: Connection, table_name: str, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any) → bool

  For internal dialect use, check the existence of a particular table or view in the database.

  Given a Connection object, a string table_name and optional schema name, return True if the given table exists in the database, False otherwise.

  This method serves as the underlying implementation of the public facing Inspector.has_table() method, and is also used internally to implement the “checkfirst” behavior for methods like Table.create() and MetaData.create_all().

  Note

  This method is used internally by SQLAlchemy, and is published so that third-party dialects may provide an implementation. It is not the public API for checking for table presence. Please use the Inspector.has_table() method.

  Changed in version 2.0::: Dialect.has_table() now formally supports checking for additional table-like objects:

  • any type of views (plain or materialized)

  • temporary tables of any kind

  Previously, these two checks were not formally specified and different dialects would vary in their behavior. The dialect testing suite now includes tests for all of these object types, and dialects to the degree that the backing database supports views or temporary tables should seek to support locating these objects for full compliance.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.has_terminate: bool

  Whether or not this dialect has a separate “terminate” implementation that does not block or require awaiting.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.identifier_preparer: IdentifierPreparer

  This element will refer to an instance of IdentifierPreparer once a DefaultDialect has been constructed.

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.import_dbapi() → module

  Import the DBAPI module that is used by this dialect.

  The Python module object returned here will be assigned as an instance variable to a constructed dialect under the name .dbapi.

  Changed in version 2.0: The Dialect.import_dbapi() class method is renamed from the previous method .Dialect.dbapi(), which would be replaced at dialect instantiation time by the DBAPI module itself, thus using the same name in two different ways. If a .Dialect.dbapi() classmethod is present on a third-party dialect, it will be used and a deprecation warning will be emitted.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.include_set_input_sizes: Optional[Set[Any]]

  set of DBAPI type objects that should be included in automatic cursor.setinputsizes() calls.

  This is only used if bind_typing is BindTyping.SET_INPUT_SIZES

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.initialize(connection: Connection) → None

  Called during strategized creation of the dialect with a connection.

  Allows dialects to configure options based on server version info or other properties.

  The connection passed here is a SQLAlchemy Connection object, with full capabilities.

  The initialize() method of the base dialect should be called via super().

  Note

  as of SQLAlchemy 1.4, this method is called before any Dialect.on_connect() hooks are called.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.inline_comments: bool

  Indicates the dialect supports comment DDL that’s inline with the definition of a Table or Column. If False, this implies that ALTER must be used to set table and column comments.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.insert_executemany_returning: bool

  dialect / driver / database supports some means of providing INSERT…RETURNING support when dialect.do_executemany() is used.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.insert_returning: bool

  if the dialect supports RETURNING with INSERT

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.insertmanyvalues_max_parameters: int

  Alternate to insertmanyvalues_page_size, will additionally limit page size based on number of parameters total in the statement.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.insertmanyvalues_page_size: int

  Number of rows to render into an individual INSERT..VALUES() statement for ExecuteStyle.INSERTMANYVALUES executions.

  The default dialect defaults this to 1000.

  New in version 2.0.

  See also

  Connection.execution_options.insertmanyvalues_page_size - execution option available on Connection, statements

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.is_async: bool

  Whether or not this dialect is intended for asyncio use.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.is_disconnect(e: Exception, connection: Optional[Union[PoolProxiedConnection, DBAPIConnection]], cursor: Optional[DBAPICursor]) → bool

  Return True if the given DB-API error indicates an invalid connection

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.label_length: Optional[int]

  optional user-defined max length for SQL labels

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.load_provisioning() → None

  set up the provision.py module for this dialect.

  For dialects that include a provision.py module that sets up provisioning followers, this method should initiate that process.

  A typical implementation would be:

  @classmethod
  def load_provisioning(cls):
      __import__("mydialect.provision")

  The default method assumes a module named provision.py inside the owning package of the current dialect, based on the __module__ attribute:

  @classmethod
  def load_provisioning(cls):
      package = ".".join(cls.__module__.split(".")[0:-1])
      try:
          __import__(package + ".provision")
      except ImportError:
          pass

  New in version 1.3.14.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.loaded_dbapi

  same as .dbapi, but is never None; will raise an error if no DBAPI was set up.

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.max_identifier_length: int

  The maximum length of identifier names.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.name: str

  identifying name for the dialect from a DBAPI-neutral point of view (i.e. ‘sqlite’)

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.normalize_name(name: str) → str

  convert the given name to lowercase if it is detected as case insensitive.

  This method is only used if the dialect defines requires_name_normalize=True.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.on_connect() → Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]]

  return a callable which sets up a newly created DBAPI connection.

  The callable should accept a single argument “conn” which is the DBAPI connection itself. The inner callable has no return value.

  E.g.:

  class MyDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
      # ...
      def on_connect(self):
          def do_on_connect(connection):
              connection.execute("SET SPECIAL FLAGS etc")
          return do_on_connect

  This is used to set dialect-wide per-connection options such as isolation modes, Unicode modes, etc.

  The “do_on_connect” callable is invoked by using the PoolEvents.connect() event hook, then unwrapping the DBAPI connection and passing it into the callable.

  Changed in version 1.4: the on_connect hook is no longer called twice for the first connection of a dialect. The on_connect hook is still called before the Dialect.initialize() method however.

  Changed in version 1.4.3: the on_connect hook is invoked from a new method on_connect_url that passes the URL that was used to create the connect args. Dialects can implement on_connect_url instead of on_connect if they need the URL object that was used for the connection in order to get additional context.

  If None is returned, no event listener is generated.

  • Returns:

    a callable that accepts a single DBAPI connection as an argument, or None.

  See also

  Dialect.connect() - allows the DBAPI connect() sequence itself to be controlled.

  Dialect.on_connect_url() - supersedes Dialect.on_connect() to also receive the URL object in context.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.on_connect_url(url: URL) → Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]]

  return a callable which sets up a newly created DBAPI connection.

  This method is a new hook that supersedes the Dialect.on_connect() method when implemented by a dialect. When not implemented by a dialect, it invokes the Dialect.on_connect() method directly to maintain compatibility with existing dialects. There is no deprecation for Dialect.on_connect() expected.

  The callable should accept a single argument “conn” which is the DBAPI connection itself. The inner callable has no return value.

  E.g.:

  class MyDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
      # ...
      def on_connect_url(self, url):
          def do_on_connect(connection):
              connection.execute("SET SPECIAL FLAGS etc")
          return do_on_connect

  This is used to set dialect-wide per-connection options such as isolation modes, Unicode modes, etc.

  This method differs from Dialect.on_connect() in that it is passed the URL object that’s relevant to the connect args. Normally the only way to get this is from the Dialect.on_connect() hook is to look on the Engine itself, however this URL object may have been replaced by plugins.

  Note

  The default implementation of Dialect.on_connect_url() is to invoke the Dialect.on_connect() method. Therefore if a dialect implements this method, the Dialect.on_connect() method will not be called unless the overriding dialect calls it directly from here.

  New in version 1.4.3: added Dialect.on_connect_url() which normally calls into Dialect.on_connect().

  • Parameters:

    url – a URL object representing the URL that was passed to the Dialect.create_connect_args() method.

    Returns:

    a callable that accepts a single DBAPI connection as an argument, or None.

  See also

  Dialect.on_connect()

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.paramstyle: str

  the paramstyle to be used (some DB-APIs support multiple paramstyles).

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.positional: bool

  True if the paramstyle for this Dialect is positional.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.preexecute_autoincrement_sequences: bool

  True if ‘implicit’ primary key functions must be executed separately in order to get their value, if RETURNING is not used.

  This is currently oriented towards PostgreSQL when the implicit_returning=False parameter is used on a Table object.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.preparer: Type[IdentifierPreparer]

  a IdentifierPreparer class used to quote identifiers.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.reflection_options: Sequence[str] = ()

  Sequence of string names indicating keyword arguments that can be established on a Table object which will be passed as “reflection options” when using Table.autoload_with.

  Current example is “oracle_resolve_synonyms” in the Oracle dialect.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.reset_isolation_level(dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) → None

  Given a DBAPI connection, revert its isolation to the default.

  Note that this is a dialect-level method which is used as part of the implementation of the Connection and Engine isolation level facilities; these APIs should be preferred for most typical use cases.

  See also

  Connection.get_isolation_level() - view current level

  Connection.default_isolation_level - view default level

  Connection.execution_options.isolation_level - set per Connection isolation level

  create_engine.isolation_level - set per Engine isolation level

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.sequences_optional: bool

  If True, indicates if the Sequence.optional parameter on the Sequence construct should signal to not generate a CREATE SEQUENCE. Applies only to dialects that support sequences. Currently used only to allow PostgreSQL SERIAL to be used on a column that specifies Sequence() for usage on other backends.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.server_side_cursors: bool

  deprecated; indicates if the dialect should attempt to use server side cursors by default

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.server_version_info: Optional[Tuple[Any, …]]

  a tuple containing a version number for the DB backend in use.

  This value is only available for supporting dialects, and is typically populated during the initial connection to the database.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.set_connection_execution_options(connection: Connection, opts: CoreExecuteOptionsParameter) → None

  Establish execution options for a given connection.

  This is implemented by DefaultDialect in order to implement the Connection.execution_options.isolation_level execution option. Dialects can intercept various execution options which may need to modify state on a particular DBAPI connection.

  New in version 1.4.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.set_engine_execution_options(engine: Engine, opts: CoreExecuteOptionsParameter) → None

  Establish execution options for a given engine.

  This is implemented by DefaultDialect to establish event hooks for new Connection instances created by the given Engine which will then invoke the Dialect.set_connection_execution_options() method for that connection.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.set_isolation_level(dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection, level: Literal[‘SERIALIZABLE’, ‘REPEATABLE READ’, ‘READ COMMITTED’, ‘READ UNCOMMITTED’, ‘AUTOCOMMIT’]) → None

  Given a DBAPI connection, set its isolation level.

  Note that this is a dialect-level method which is used as part of the implementation of the Connection and Engine isolation level facilities; these APIs should be preferred for most typical use cases.

  If the dialect also implements the Dialect.get_isolation_level_values() method, then the given level is guaranteed to be one of the string names within that sequence, and the method will not need to anticipate a lookup failure.

  See also

  Connection.get_isolation_level() - view current level

  Connection.default_isolation_level - view default level

  Connection.execution_options.isolation_level - set per Connection isolation level

  create_engine.isolation_level - set per Engine isolation level

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.statement_compiler: Type[SQLCompiler]

  a Compiled class used to compile SQL statements

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_alter: bool

  True if the database supports ALTER TABLE - used only for generating foreign key constraints in certain circumstances

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_comments: bool

  Indicates the dialect supports comment DDL on tables and columns.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_constraint_comments: bool

  Indicates if the dialect supports comment DDL on constraints.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_default_metavalue: bool

  dialect supports INSERT…(col) VALUES (DEFAULT) syntax.

  Most databases support this in some way, e.g. SQLite supports it using VALUES (NULL). MS SQL Server supports the syntax also however is the only included dialect where we have this disabled, as MSSQL does not support the field for the IDENTITY column, which is usually where we like to make use of the feature.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_default_values: bool

  dialect supports INSERT… DEFAULT VALUES syntax

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_empty_insert: bool

  dialect supports INSERT () VALUES (), i.e. a plain INSERT with no columns in it.

  This is not usually supported; an “empty” insert is typically suited using either “INSERT..DEFAULT VALUES” or “INSERT … (col) VALUES (DEFAULT)”.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_identity_columns: bool

  target database supports IDENTITY

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_multivalues_insert: bool

  Target database supports INSERT…VALUES with multiple value sets, i.e. INSERT INTO table (cols) VALUES (…), (…), (…), …

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_native_boolean: bool

  Indicates if the dialect supports a native boolean construct. This will prevent Boolean from generating a CHECK constraint when that type is used.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_native_decimal: bool

  indicates if Decimal objects are handled and returned for precision numeric types, or if floats are returned

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_native_enum: bool

  Indicates if the dialect supports a native ENUM construct. This will prevent Enum from generating a CHECK constraint when that type is used in “native” mode.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_native_uuid: bool

  indicates if Python UUID() objects are handled natively by the driver for SQL UUID datatypes.

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_sane_multi_rowcount: bool

  Indicate whether the dialect properly implements rowcount for UPDATE and DELETE statements when executed via executemany.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_sane_rowcount: bool

  Indicate whether the dialect properly implements rowcount for UPDATE and DELETE statements.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_sequences: bool

  Indicates if the dialect supports CREATE SEQUENCE or similar.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_server_side_cursors: bool

  indicates if the dialect supports server side cursors

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_simple_order_by_label: bool

  target database supports ORDER BY <labelname>, where <labelname> refers to a label in the columns clause of the SELECT

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.supports_statement_cache: bool = True

  indicates if this dialect supports caching.

  All dialects that are compatible with statement caching should set this flag to True directly on each dialect class and subclass that supports it. SQLAlchemy tests that this flag is locally present on each dialect subclass before it will use statement caching. This is to provide safety for legacy or new dialects that are not yet fully tested to be compliant with SQL statement caching.

  New in version 1.4.5.

  See also

  Caching for Third Party Dialects

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.tuple_in_values: bool

  target database supports tuple IN, i.e. (x, y) IN ((q, p), (r, z))

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.type_compiler: Any

  legacy; this is a TypeCompiler class at the class level, a TypeCompiler instance at the instance level.

  Refer to type_compiler_instance instead.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.type_compiler_cls: ClassVar[Type[TypeCompiler]]

  a Compiled class used to compile SQL type objects

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.type_compiler_instance: TypeCompiler

  instance of a Compiled class used to compile SQL type objects

  New in version 2.0.

• classmethod sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.type_descriptor(typeobj: TypeEngine[_T]) → TypeEngine[_T]

  Transform a generic type to a dialect-specific type.

  Dialect classes will usually use the adapt_type() function in the types module to accomplish this.

  The returned result is cached per dialect class so can contain no dialect-instance state.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.update_executemany_returning: bool

  dialect supports UPDATE..RETURNING with executemany.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.update_returning: bool

  if the dialect supports RETURNING with UPDATE

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.update_returning_multifrom: bool

  if the dialect supports RETURNING with UPDATE..FROM

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.use_insertmanyvalues: bool

  if True, indicates “insertmanyvalues” functionality should be used to allow for insert_executemany_returning behavior, if possible.

  In practice, setting this to True means:

  if supports_multivalues_insert, insert_returning and use_insertmanyvalues are all True, the SQL compiler will produce an INSERT that will be interpreted by the DefaultDialect as an ExecuteStyle.INSERTMANYVALUES execution that allows for INSERT of many rows with RETURNING by rewriting a single-row INSERT statement to have multiple VALUES clauses, also executing the statement multiple times for a series of batches when large numbers of rows are given.

  The parameter is False for the default dialect, and is set to True for SQLAlchemy internal dialects SQLite, MySQL/MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQL Server. It remains at False for Oracle, which provides native “executemany with RETURNING” support and also does not support supports_multivalues_insert. For MySQL/MariaDB, those MySQL dialects that don’t support RETURNING will not report insert_executemany_returning as True.

  New in version 2.0.

  See also

  “Insert Many Values” Behavior for INSERT statements

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.Dialect.use_insertmanyvalues_wo_returning: bool

  if True, and use_insertmanyvalues is also True, INSERT statements that don’t include RETURNING will also use “insertmanyvalues”.

  New in version 2.0.

class sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext

Members

compiled, connection, create_cursor(), current_parameters, cursor, dialect, engine, execute_style, executemany, get_current_parameters(), get_lastrowid(), get_out_parameter_values(), get_result_processor(), handle_dbapi_exception(), invoked_statement, isinsert, isupdate, lastrow_has_defaults(), no_parameters, parameters, post_exec(), postfetch_cols, pre_exec(), prefetch_cols, root_connection

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext (sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.ExecutionContext)

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.compiled: Optional[Compiled] = None

  if passed to constructor, sqlalchemy.engine.base.Compiled object being executed

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.connection: Connection

  Connection object which can be freely used by default value generators to execute SQL. This Connection should reference the same underlying connection/transactional resources of root_connection.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.create_cursor()

  Return a new cursor generated from this ExecutionContext’s connection.

  Some dialects may wish to change the behavior of connection.cursor(), such as postgresql which may return a PG “server side” cursor.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.current_parameters: Optional[_CoreSingleExecuteParams] = None

  A dictionary of parameters applied to the current row.

  This attribute is only available in the context of a user-defined default generation function, e.g. as described at Context-Sensitive Default Functions. It consists of a dictionary which includes entries for each column/value pair that is to be part of the INSERT or UPDATE statement. The keys of the dictionary will be the key value of each Column, which is usually synonymous with the name.

  Note that the DefaultExecutionContext.current_parameters attribute does not accommodate for the “multi-values” feature of the Insert.values() method. The DefaultExecutionContext.get_current_parameters() method should be preferred.

  See also

  DefaultExecutionContext.get_current_parameters()

  Context-Sensitive Default Functions

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.cursor: DBAPICursor

  DB-API cursor procured from the connection

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.dialect: Dialect

  dialect which created this ExecutionContext.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.engine: Engine

  engine which the Connection is associated with

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.execute_style: ExecuteStyle = 0

  the style of DBAPI cursor method that will be used to execute a statement.

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.executemany: bool

  True if the context has a list of more than one parameter set.

  Historically this attribute links to whether cursor.execute() or cursor.executemany() will be used. It also can now mean that “insertmanyvalues” may be used which indicates one or more cursor.execute() calls.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.get_current_parameters(isolate_multiinsert_groups=True)

  Return a dictionary of parameters applied to the current row.

  This method can only be used in the context of a user-defined default generation function, e.g. as described at Context-Sensitive Default Functions. When invoked, a dictionary is returned which includes entries for each column/value pair that is part of the INSERT or UPDATE statement. The keys of the dictionary will be the key value of each Column, which is usually synonymous with the name.

  • Parameters:

    isolate_multiinsert_groups=True – indicates that multi-valued INSERT constructs created using Insert.values() should be handled by returning only the subset of parameters that are local to the current column default invocation. When False, the raw parameters of the statement are returned including the naming convention used in the case of multi-valued INSERT.

  New in version 1.2: added DefaultExecutionContext.get_current_parameters() which provides more functionality over the existing DefaultExecutionContext.current_parameters attribute.

  See also

  DefaultExecutionContext.current_parameters

  Context-Sensitive Default Functions

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.get_lastrowid()

  return self.cursor.lastrowid, or equivalent, after an INSERT.

  This may involve calling special cursor functions, issuing a new SELECT on the cursor (or a new one), or returning a stored value that was calculated within post_exec().

  This function will only be called for dialects which support “implicit” primary key generation, keep preexecute_autoincrement_sequences set to False, and when no explicit id value was bound to the statement.

  The function is called once for an INSERT statement that would need to return the last inserted primary key for those dialects that make use of the lastrowid concept. In these cases, it is called directly after ExecutionContext.post_exec().

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.get_out_parameter_values(names)

  Return a sequence of OUT parameter values from a cursor.

  For dialects that support OUT parameters, this method will be called when there is a SQLCompiler object which has the SQLCompiler.has_out_parameters flag set. This flag in turn will be set to True if the statement itself has BindParameter objects that have the .isoutparam flag set which are consumed by the SQLCompiler.visit_bindparam() method. If the dialect compiler produces BindParameter objects with .isoutparam set which are not handled by SQLCompiler.visit_bindparam(), it should set this flag explicitly.

  The list of names that were rendered for each bound parameter is passed to the method. The method should then return a sequence of values corresponding to the list of parameter objects. Unlike in previous SQLAlchemy versions, the values can be the raw values from the DBAPI; the execution context will apply the appropriate type handler based on what’s present in self.compiled.binds and update the values. The processed dictionary will then be made available via the .out_parameters collection on the result object. Note that SQLAlchemy 1.4 has multiple kinds of result object as part of the 2.0 transition.

  New in version 1.4: - added ExecutionContext.get_out_parameter_values(), which is invoked automatically by the DefaultExecutionContext when there are BindParameter objects with the .isoutparam flag set. This replaces the practice of setting out parameters within the now-removed get_result_proxy() method.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.get_result_processor(type__, _colname, coltype)

  Return a ‘result processor’ for a given type as present in cursor.description.

  This has a default implementation that dialects can override for context-sensitive result type handling.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.handle_dbapi_exception(e)

  Receive a DBAPI exception which occurred upon execute, result fetch, etc.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.invoked_statement: Optional[Executable] = None

  The Executable statement object that was given in the first place.

  This should be structurally equivalent to compiled.statement, but not necessarily the same object as in a caching scenario the compiled form will have been extracted from the cache.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.isinsert: bool = False

  True if the statement is an INSERT.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.isupdate: bool = False

  True if the statement is an UPDATE.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.lastrow_has_defaults()

  Return True if the last INSERT or UPDATE row contained inlined or database-side defaults.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.no_parameters: bool

  True if the execution style does not use parameters

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.parameters: _DBAPIMultiExecuteParams

  bind parameters passed to the execute() or exec_driver_sql() methods.

  These are always stored as a list of parameter entries. A single-element list corresponds to a cursor.execute() call and a multiple-element list corresponds to cursor.executemany(), except in the case of ExecuteStyle.INSERTMANYVALUES which will use cursor.execute() one or more times.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.post_exec()

  Called after the execution of a compiled statement.

  If a compiled statement was passed to this ExecutionContext, the last_insert_ids, last_inserted_params, etc. datamembers should be available after this method completes.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.postfetch_cols: util.generic_fn_descriptor[Optional[Sequence[Column[Any]]]]

  a list of Column objects for which a server-side default or inline SQL expression value was fired off. Applies to inserts and updates.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.pre_exec()

  Called before an execution of a compiled statement.

  If a compiled statement was passed to this ExecutionContext, the statement and parameters datamembers must be initialized after this statement is complete.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.prefetch_cols: util.generic_fn_descriptor[Optional[Sequence[Column[Any]]]]

  a list of Column objects for which a client-side default was fired off. Applies to inserts and updates.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.default.DefaultExecutionContext.root_connection: Connection

  Connection object which is the source of this ExecutionContext.

class sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext

Members

compiled, connection, create_cursor(), cursor, dialect, engine, execute_style, executemany, fire_sequence(), get_out_parameter_values(), get_rowcount(), handle_dbapi_exception(), invoked_statement, isinsert, isupdate, lastrow_has_defaults(), no_parameters, parameters, post_exec(), postfetch_cols, pre_exec(), prefetch_cols, root_connection, statement

A messenger object for a Dialect that corresponds to a single execution.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.compiled: Optional[Compiled]

  if passed to constructor, sqlalchemy.engine.base.Compiled object being executed

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.connection: Connection

  Connection object which can be freely used by default value generators to execute SQL. This Connection should reference the same underlying connection/transactional resources of root_connection.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.create_cursor() → DBAPICursor

  Return a new cursor generated from this ExecutionContext’s connection.

  Some dialects may wish to change the behavior of connection.cursor(), such as postgresql which may return a PG “server side” cursor.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.cursor: DBAPICursor

  DB-API cursor procured from the connection

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.dialect: Dialect

  dialect which created this ExecutionContext.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.engine: Engine

  engine which the Connection is associated with

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.execute_style: ExecuteStyle

  the style of DBAPI cursor method that will be used to execute a statement.

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.executemany: bool

  True if the context has a list of more than one parameter set.

  Historically this attribute links to whether cursor.execute() or cursor.executemany() will be used. It also can now mean that “insertmanyvalues” may be used which indicates one or more cursor.execute() calls.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.fire_sequence(seq: Sequence_SchemaItem, type\: Integer_) → int

  given a Sequence, invoke it and return the next int value

• method sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.get_out_parameter_values(out_param_names: Sequence[str]) → Sequence[Any]

  Return a sequence of OUT parameter values from a cursor.

  For dialects that support OUT parameters, this method will be called when there is a SQLCompiler object which has the SQLCompiler.has_out_parameters flag set. This flag in turn will be set to True if the statement itself has BindParameter objects that have the .isoutparam flag set which are consumed by the SQLCompiler.visit_bindparam() method. If the dialect compiler produces BindParameter objects with .isoutparam set which are not handled by SQLCompiler.visit_bindparam(), it should set this flag explicitly.

  The list of names that were rendered for each bound parameter is passed to the method. The method should then return a sequence of values corresponding to the list of parameter objects. Unlike in previous SQLAlchemy versions, the values can be the raw values from the DBAPI; the execution context will apply the appropriate type handler based on what’s present in self.compiled.binds and update the values. The processed dictionary will then be made available via the .out_parameters collection on the result object. Note that SQLAlchemy 1.4 has multiple kinds of result object as part of the 2.0 transition.

  New in version 1.4: - added ExecutionContext.get_out_parameter_values(), which is invoked automatically by the DefaultExecutionContext when there are BindParameter objects with the .isoutparam flag set. This replaces the practice of setting out parameters within the now-removed get_result_proxy() method.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.get_rowcount() → Optional[int]

  Return the DBAPI cursor.rowcount value, or in some cases an interpreted value.

  See CursorResult.rowcount for details on this.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.handle_dbapi_exception(e: BaseException) → None

  Receive a DBAPI exception which occurred upon execute, result fetch, etc.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.invoked_statement: Optional[Executable]

  The Executable statement object that was given in the first place.

  This should be structurally equivalent to compiled.statement, but not necessarily the same object as in a caching scenario the compiled form will have been extracted from the cache.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.isinsert: bool

  True if the statement is an INSERT.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.isupdate: bool

  True if the statement is an UPDATE.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.lastrow_has_defaults() → bool

  Return True if the last INSERT or UPDATE row contained inlined or database-side defaults.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.no_parameters: bool

  True if the execution style does not use parameters

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.parameters: _AnyMultiExecuteParams

  bind parameters passed to the execute() or exec_driver_sql() methods.

  These are always stored as a list of parameter entries. A single-element list corresponds to a cursor.execute() call and a multiple-element list corresponds to cursor.executemany(), except in the case of ExecuteStyle.INSERTMANYVALUES which will use cursor.execute() one or more times.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.post_exec() → None

  Called after the execution of a compiled statement.

  If a compiled statement was passed to this ExecutionContext, the last_insert_ids, last_inserted_params, etc. datamembers should be available after this method completes.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.postfetch_cols: util.generic_fn_descriptor[Optional[Sequence[Column[Any]]]]

  a list of Column objects for which a server-side default or inline SQL expression value was fired off. Applies to inserts and updates.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.pre_exec() → None

  Called before an execution of a compiled statement.

  If a compiled statement was passed to this ExecutionContext, the statement and parameters datamembers must be initialized after this statement is complete.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.prefetch_cols: util.generic_fn_descriptor[Optional[Sequence[Column[Any]]]]

  a list of Column objects for which a client-side default was fired off. Applies to inserts and updates.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.root_connection: Connection

  Connection object which is the source of this ExecutionContext.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.ExecutionContext.statement: str

  string version of the statement to be executed. Is either passed to the constructor, or must be created from the sql.Compiled object by the time pre_exec() has completed.

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.ExpandedState

represents state to use when producing “expanded” and “post compile” bound parameters for a statement.

“expanded” parameters are parameters that are generated at statement execution time to suit a number of parameters passed, the most prominent example being the individual elements inside of an IN expression.

“post compile” parameters are parameters where the SQL literal value will be rendered into the SQL statement at execution time, rather than being passed as separate parameters to the driver.

To create an ExpandedState instance, use the SQLCompiler.construct_expanded_state() method on any SQLCompiler instance.

Members

additional_parameters, parameter_expansion, parameters, positional_parameters, positiontup, processors, statement

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.ExpandedState (builtins.tuple)

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.ExpandedState.additional_parameters

  synonym for ExpandedState.parameters.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.ExpandedState.parameter_expansion: Mapping[str, List[str]]

  Mapping representing the intermediary link from original parameter name to list of “expanded” parameter names, for those parameters that were expanded.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.ExpandedState.parameters: _CoreSingleExecuteParams

  Parameter dictionary with parameters fully expanded.

  For a statement that uses named parameters, this dictionary will map exactly to the names in the statement. For a statement that uses positional parameters, the ExpandedState.positional_parameters will yield a tuple with the positional parameter set.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.ExpandedState.positional_parameters

  Tuple of positional parameters, for statements that were compiled using a positional paramstyle.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.ExpandedState.positiontup: Optional[Sequence[str]]

  Sequence of string names indicating the order of positional parameters

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.ExpandedState.processors: Mapping[str, _BindProcessorType[Any]]

  mapping of bound value processors

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.ExpandedState.statement: str

  String SQL statement with parameters fully expanded

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.GenericTypeCompiler

Members

ensure_kwarg

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.GenericTypeCompiler (sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.TypeCompiler)

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.GenericTypeCompiler.ensure_kwarg: str = ‘visit\\\w+’_

  inherited from the TypeCompiler.ensure_kwarg attribute of TypeCompiler

  a regular expression that indicates method names for which the method should accept **kw arguments.

  The class will scan for methods matching the name template and decorate them if necessary to ensure **kw parameters are accepted.

class sqlalchemy.log.Identified

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer

Members

__init__(), format_column(), format_label_name(), format_schema(), format_table(), format_table_seq(), quote(), quote_identifier(), quote_schema(), schema_for_object, unformat_identifiers(), validate_sql_phrase()

Handle quoting and case-folding of identifiers based on options.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.__init__(dialect, initial_quote=’”‘, final_quote=None, escape_quote=’”‘, quote_case_sensitive_collations=True, omit_schema=False)

  Construct a new IdentifierPreparer object.

  • initial_quote

    Character that begins a delimited identifier.

    final_quote

    Character that ends a delimited identifier. Defaults to initial_quote.

    omit_schema

    Prevent prepending schema name. Useful for databases that do not support schemae.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.format_column(column, use_table=False, name=None, table_name=None, use_schema=False, anon_map=None)

  Prepare a quoted column name.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.format_label_name(name, anon_map=None)

  Prepare a quoted column name.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.format_schema(name)

  Prepare a quoted schema name.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.format_table(table, use_schema=True, name=None)

  Prepare a quoted table and schema name.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.format_table_seq(table, use_schema=True)

  Format table name and schema as a tuple.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.quote(ident: str, force: Optional[Any] = None) → str

  Conditionally quote an identifier.

  The identifier is quoted if it is a reserved word, contains quote-necessary characters, or is an instance of quoted_name which includes quote set to True.

  Subclasses can override this to provide database-dependent quoting behavior for identifier names.

  • Parameters:

    • ident – string identifier

    • force –

      unused

      Deprecated since version 0.9: The IdentifierPreparer.quote.force parameter is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. This flag has no effect on the behavior of the IdentifierPreparer.quote() method; please refer to quoted_name.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.quote_identifier(value: str) → str

  Quote an identifier.

  Subclasses should override this to provide database-dependent quoting behavior.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.quote_schema(schema: str, force: Optional[Any] = None) → str

  Conditionally quote a schema name.

  The name is quoted if it is a reserved word, contains quote-necessary characters, or is an instance of quoted_name which includes quote set to True.

  Subclasses can override this to provide database-dependent quoting behavior for schema names.

  • Parameters:

    • schema – string schema name

    • force –

      unused

      Deprecated since version 0.9: The IdentifierPreparer.quote_schema.force parameter is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. This flag has no effect on the behavior of the IdentifierPreparer.quote() method; please refer to quoted_name.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.schema_for_object: _SchemaForObjectCallable = operator.attrgetter(‘schema’)

  Return the .schema attribute for an object.

  For the default IdentifierPreparer, the schema for an object is always the value of the “.schema” attribute. if the preparer is replaced with one that has a non-empty schema_translate_map, the value of the “.schema” attribute is rendered a symbol that will be converted to a real schema name from the mapping post-compile.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.unformat_identifiers(identifiers)

  Unpack ‘schema.table.column’-like strings into components.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer.validate_sql_phrase(element, reg)

  keyword sequence filter.

  a filter for elements that are intended to represent keyword sequences, such as “INITIALLY”, “INITIALLY DEFERRED”, etc. no special characters should be present.

  New in version 1.3.

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler

Default implementation of Compiled.

Compiles ClauseElement objects into SQL strings.

Members

__init__(), ansi_bind_rules, bind_names, bindname_escape_characters, binds, bindtemplate, compilation_bindtemplate, construct_expanded_state(), construct_params(), current_executable, default_from(), delete_extra_from_clause(), effective_returning, escaped_bind_names, get_select_precolumns(), group_by_clause(), has_out_parameters, implicit_returning, insert_prefetch, insert_single_values_expr, isupdate, literal_execute_params, order_by_clause(), params, positiontup, post_compile_params, postfetch, postfetch_lastrowid, render_literal_value(), render_table_with_column_in_update_from, returning, returning_precedes_values, sql_compiler, stack, translate_select_structure, update_from_clause(), update_limit_clause(), update_prefetch, update_tables_clause()

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler (sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.Compiled)

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.__init__(dialect: Dialect, statement: Optional[ClauseElement], cache_key: Optional[CacheKey] = None, column_keys: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, for_executemany: bool = False, linting: Linting = Linting.NO_LINTING, **kwargs: Any)

  Construct a new SQLCompiler object.

  • Parameters:

    • dialect – Dialect to be used

    • statement – ClauseElement to be compiled

    • column_keys – a list of column names to be compiled into an INSERT or UPDATE statement.

    • for_executemany – whether INSERT / UPDATE statements should expect that they are to be invoked in an “executemany” style, which may impact how the statement will be expected to return the values of defaults and autoincrement / sequences and similar. Depending on the backend and driver in use, support for retrieving these values may be disabled which means SQL expressions may be rendered inline, RETURNING may not be rendered, etc.

    • kwargs – additional keyword arguments to be consumed by the superclass.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.ansi_bind_rules: bool = False

  SQL 92 doesn’t allow bind parameters to be used in the columns clause of a SELECT, nor does it allow ambiguous expressions like “? = ?”. A compiler subclass can set this flag to False if the target driver/DB enforces this

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.bind_names: Dict[BindParameter[Any], str]

  a dictionary of BindParameter instances to “compiled” names that are actually present in the generated SQL

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.bindname_escape_characters: ClassVar[Mapping[str, str]] = {‘ ‘: ‘\‘, ‘%’: ‘P’, ‘(‘: ‘A’, ‘)’: ‘Z’, ‘.’: ‘_‘, ‘:’: ‘C’, ‘[‘: ‘_‘, ‘]‘: ‘_‘}_

  A mapping (e.g. dict or similar) containing a lookup of characters keyed to replacement characters which will be applied to all ‘bind names’ used in SQL statements as a form of ‘escaping’; the given characters are replaced entirely with the ‘replacement’ character when rendered in the SQL statement, and a similar translation is performed on the incoming names used in parameter dictionaries passed to methods like Connection.execute().

  This allows bound parameter names used in bindparam() and other constructs to have any arbitrary characters present without any concern for characters that aren’t allowed at all on the target database.

  Third party dialects can establish their own dictionary here to replace the default mapping, which will ensure that the particular characters in the mapping will never appear in a bound parameter name.

  The dictionary is evaluated at class creation time, so cannot be modified at runtime; it must be present on the class when the class is first declared.

  Note that for dialects that have additional bound parameter rules such as additional restrictions on leading characters, the SQLCompiler.bindparam_string() method may need to be augmented. See the cx_Oracle compiler for an example of this.

  New in version 2.0.0rc1.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.binds: Dict[str, BindParameter[Any]]

  a dictionary of bind parameter keys to BindParameter instances.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.bindtemplate: str

  template to render bound parameters based on paramstyle.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.compilation_bindtemplate: str

  template used by compiler to render parameters before positional paramstyle application

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.construct_expanded_state(params: Optional[_CoreSingleExecuteParams] = None, escape_names: bool = True) → ExpandedState

  Return a new ExpandedState for a given parameter set.

  For queries that use “expanding” or other late-rendered parameters, this method will provide for both the finalized SQL string as well as the parameters that would be used for a particular parameter set.

  New in version 2.0.0rc1.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.construct_params(params: Optional[_CoreSingleExecuteParams] = None, extracted_parameters: Optional[Sequence[BindParameter[Any]]] = None, escape_names: bool = True, _group_number: Optional[int] = None, _check: bool = True, _no_postcompile: bool = False) → _MutableCoreSingleExecuteParams

  return a dictionary of bind parameter keys and values

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.current_executable

  Return the current ‘executable’ that is being compiled.

  This is currently the Select, Insert, Update, Delete, CompoundSelect object that is being compiled. Specifically it’s assigned to the self.stack list of elements.

  When a statement like the above is being compiled, it normally is also assigned to the .statement attribute of the Compiler object. However, all SQL constructs are ultimately nestable, and this attribute should never be consulted by a visit_ method, as it is not guaranteed to be assigned nor guaranteed to correspond to the current statement being compiled.

  New in version 1.3.21: For compatibility with previous versions, use the following recipe:

  statement = getattr(self, "current_executable", False)
  if statement is False:
      statement = self.stack[-1]["selectable"]

  For versions 1.4 and above, ensure only .current_executable is used; the format of “self.stack” may change.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.default_from()

  Called when a SELECT statement has no froms, and no FROM clause is to be appended.

  Gives Oracle a chance to tack on a FROM DUAL to the string output.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.delete_extra_from_clause(update_stmt, from_table, extra_froms, from_hints, **kw)

  Provide a hook to override the generation of an DELETE..FROM clause.

  This can be used to implement DELETE..USING for example.

  MySQL and MSSQL override this.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.effective_returning

  The effective “returning” columns for INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE.

  This is either the so-called “implicit returning” columns which are calculated by the compiler on the fly, or those present based on what’s present in self.statement._returning (expanded into individual columns using the ._all_selected_columns attribute) i.e. those set explicitly using the UpdateBase.returning() method.

  New in version 2.0.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.escaped_bind_names: util.immutabledict[str, str] = {}

  Late escaping of bound parameter names that has to be converted to the original name when looking in the parameter dictionary.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.get_select_precolumns(select, **kw)

  Called when building a SELECT statement, position is just before column list.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.group_by_clause(select, **kw)

  allow dialects to customize how GROUP BY is rendered.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.has_out_parameters = False

  if True, there are bindparam() objects that have the isoutparam flag set.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.implicit_returning: Optional[Sequence[ColumnElement[Any]]] = None

  list of “implicit” returning columns for a toplevel INSERT or UPDATE statement, used to receive newly generated values of columns.

  New in version 2.0: implicit_returning replaces the previous returning collection, which was not a generalized RETURNING collection and instead was in fact specific to the “implicit returning” feature.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.insert_prefetch: Sequence[Column[Any]] = ()

  list of columns for which default values should be evaluated before an INSERT takes place

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.insert_single_values_expr

  When an INSERT is compiled with a single set of parameters inside a VALUES expression, the string is assigned here, where it can be used for insert batching schemes to rewrite the VALUES expression.

  New in version 1.3.8.

  Changed in version 2.0: This collection is no longer used by SQLAlchemy’s built-in dialects, in favor of the currently internal _insertmanyvalues collection that is used only by SQLCompiler.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.isupdate: bool = False

  class-level defaults which can be set at the instance level to define if this Compiled instance represents INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.literal_execute_params: FrozenSet[BindParameter[Any]] = frozenset({})

  bindparameter objects that are rendered as literal values at statement execution time.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.order_by_clause(select, **kw)

  allow dialects to customize how ORDER BY is rendered.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.params

  Return the bind param dictionary embedded into this compiled object, for those values that are present.

  See also

  How do I render SQL expressions as strings, possibly with bound parameters inlined? - includes a usage example for debugging use cases.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.positiontup: Optional[List[str]] = None

  for a compiled construct that uses a positional paramstyle, will be a sequence of strings, indicating the names of bound parameters in order.

  This is used in order to render bound parameters in their correct order, and is combined with the Compiled.params dictionary to render parameters.

  This sequence always contains the unescaped name of the parameters.

  See also

  How do I render SQL expressions as strings, possibly with bound parameters inlined? - includes a usage example for debugging use cases.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.post_compile_params: FrozenSet[BindParameter[Any]] = frozenset({})

  bindparameter objects that are rendered as bound parameter placeholders at statement execution time.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.postfetch: Optional[List[Column[Any]]]

  list of columns that can be post-fetched after INSERT or UPDATE to receive server-updated values

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.postfetch_lastrowid = False

  if True, and this in insert, use cursor.lastrowid to populate result.inserted_primary_key.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.render_literal_value(value, type_)

  Render the value of a bind parameter as a quoted literal.

  This is used for statement sections that do not accept bind parameters on the target driver/database.

  This should be implemented by subclasses using the quoting services of the DBAPI.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.render_table_with_column_in_update_from: bool = False

  set to True classwide to indicate the SET clause in a multi-table UPDATE statement should qualify columns with the table name (i.e. MySQL only)

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.returning

  backwards compatibility; returns the effective_returning collection.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.returning_precedes_values: bool = False

  set to True classwide to generate RETURNING clauses before the VALUES or WHERE clause (i.e. MSSQL)

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.sql_compiler

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.stack: List[_CompilerStackEntry]

  major statements such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE are tracked in this stack using an entry format.

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.translate_select_structure: Any = None

  if not None, should be a callable which accepts (select_stmt, **kw) and returns a select object. this is used for structural changes mostly to accommodate for LIMIT/OFFSET schemes

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.update_from_clause(update_stmt, from_table, extra_froms, from_hints, **kw)

  Provide a hook to override the generation of an UPDATE..FROM clause.

  MySQL and MSSQL override this.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.update_limit_clause(update_stmt)

  Provide a hook for MySQL to add LIMIT to the UPDATE

• attribute sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.update_prefetch: Sequence[Column[Any]] = ()

  list of columns for which onupdate default values should be evaluated before an UPDATE takes place

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler.update_tables_clause(update_stmt, from_table, extra_froms, **kw)

  Provide a hook to override the initial table clause in an UPDATE statement.

  MySQL overrides this.

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.StrSQLCompiler

A SQLCompiler subclass which allows a small selection of non-standard SQL features to render into a string value.

The StrSQLCompiler is invoked whenever a Core expression element is directly stringified without calling upon the ClauseElement.compile() method. It can render a limited set of non-standard SQL constructs to assist in basic stringification, however for more substantial custom or dialect-specific SQL constructs, it will be necessary to make use of ClauseElement.compile() directly.

See also

How do I render SQL expressions as strings, possibly with bound parameters inlined?

Members

delete_extra_from_clause(), update_from_clause()

Class signature

class sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.StrSQLCompiler (sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler)

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.StrSQLCompiler.delete_extra_from_clause(update_stmt, from_table, extra_froms, from_hints, **kw)

  Provide a hook to override the generation of an DELETE..FROM clause.

  This can be used to implement DELETE..USING for example.

  MySQL and MSSQL override this.

• method sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.StrSQLCompiler.update_from_clause(update_stmt, from_table, extra_froms, from_hints, **kw)

  Provide a hook to override the generation of an UPDATE..FROM clause.

  MySQL and MSSQL override this.

class sqlalchemy.engine.AdaptedConnection

Interface of an adapted connection object to support the DBAPI protocol.

Used by asyncio dialects to provide a sync-style pep-249 facade on top of the asyncio connection/cursor API provided by the driver.

Members

driver_connection, run_async()

New in version 1.4.24.

• attribute sqlalchemy.engine.AdaptedConnection.driver_connection

  The connection object as returned by the driver after a connect.

• method sqlalchemy.engine.AdaptedConnection.run_async(fn: Callable[[Any], Awaitable[_T]]) → _T

  Run the awaitable returned by the given function, which is passed the raw asyncio driver connection.

  This is used to invoke awaitable-only methods on the driver connection within the context of a “synchronous” method, like a connection pool event handler.

  E.g.:

  engine = create_async_engine(...)
  @event.listens_for(engine.sync_engine, "connect")
  def register_custom_types(dbapi_connection, ...):
      dbapi_connection.run_async(
          lambda connection: connection.set_type_codec(
              'MyCustomType', encoder, decoder, ...
          )
      )

  New in version 1.4.30.

  See also

  Using awaitable-only driver methods in connection pool and other events