platform —- 获取底层平台的标识数据

示例代码：Lib/platform.py

注解

Specific platforms listed alphabetically, with Linux included in the Unixsection.

跨平台

  • platform.architecture(executable=sys.executable, bits='', linkage='')
  • Queries the given executable (defaults to the Python interpreter binary) forvarious architecture information.

Returns a tuple (bits, linkage) which contain information about the bitarchitecture and the linkage format used for the executable. Both values arereturned as strings.

Values that cannot be determined are returned as given by the parameter presets.If bits is given as '', the sizeof(pointer) (orsizeof(long) on Python version < 1.5.2) is used as indicator for thesupported pointer size.

The function relies on the system's file command to do the actual work.This is available on most if not all Unix platforms and some non-Unix platformsand then only if the executable points to the Python interpreter. Reasonabledefaults are used when the above needs are not met.

注解

On Mac OS X (and perhaps other platforms), executable files may beuniversal files containing multiple architectures.

To get at the "64-bitness" of the current interpreter, it is morereliable to query the sys.maxsize attribute:

  1. is_64bits = sys.maxsize > 2**32
  • platform.machine()
  • Returns the machine type, e.g. 'i386'. An empty string is returned if thevalue cannot be determined.
  • platform.node()
  • Returns the computer's network name (may not be fully qualified!). An emptystring is returned if the value cannot be determined.
  • platform.platform(aliased=0, terse=0)
  • Returns a single string identifying the underlying platform with as much usefulinformation as possible.

The output is intended to be human readable rather than machine parseable. Itmay look different on different platforms and this is intended.

If aliased is true, the function will use aliases for various platforms thatreport system names which differ from their common names, for example SunOS willbe reported as Solaris. The system_alias() function is used to implementthis.

Setting terse to true causes the function to return only the absolute minimuminformation needed to identify the platform.

  • platform.processor()
  • Returns the (real) processor name, e.g. 'amdk6'.

An empty string is returned if the value cannot be determined. Note that manyplatforms do not provide this information or simply return the same value as formachine(). NetBSD does this.

  • platform.python_build()
  • Returns a tuple (buildno, builddate) stating the Python build number anddate as strings.
  • platform.python_compiler()
  • Returns a string identifying the compiler used for compiling Python.
  • platform.python_branch()
  • Returns a string identifying the Python implementation SCM branch.
  • platform.python_implementation()
  • Returns a string identifying the Python implementation. Possible return valuesare: 'CPython', 'IronPython', 'Jython', 'PyPy'.
  • platform.python_revision()
  • Returns a string identifying the Python implementation SCM revision.
  • platform.python_version()
  • Returns the Python version as string 'major.minor.patchlevel'.

Note that unlike the Python sys.version, the returned value will alwaysinclude the patchlevel (it defaults to 0).

  • platform.python_version_tuple()
  • Returns the Python version as tuple (major, minor, patchlevel) of strings.

Note that unlike the Python sys.version, the returned value will alwaysinclude the patchlevel (it defaults to '0').

  • platform.release()
  • Returns the system's release, e.g. '2.2.0' or 'NT' An empty string isreturned if the value cannot be determined.
  • platform.system()
  • 返回系统/OS的名字，e.g. 'Linux', 'Windows', 或者 'Java'。如果这个值不能被确定则会返回一个空字符串。
  • platform.systemalias(_system, release, version)
  • Returns (system, release, version) aliased to common marketing names usedfor some systems. It also does some reordering of the information in some caseswhere it would otherwise cause confusion.
  • platform.version()
  • Returns the system's release version, e.g. '#3 on degas'. An empty string isreturned if the value cannot be determined.

Note that this adds a sixth attribute (processor) not presentin the os.uname() result. Also, the attribute names are differentfor the first two attributes; os.uname() names themsysname and nodename.

Entries which cannot be determined are set to ''.

在 3.3 版更改: 将结果从元组改为命名元组。

Java平台

  • platform.javaver(_release='', vendor='', vminfo=('', '', ''), osinfo=('', '', ''))
  • Jython的版本接口

Returns a tuple (release, vendor, vminfo, osinfo) with vminfo being atuple (vmname, vm_release, vm_vendor) and _osinfo being a tuple(os_name, os_version, os_arch). Values which cannot be determined are set tothe defaults given as parameters (which all default to '').

Windows平台

  • platform.win32ver(_release='', version='', csd='', ptype='')
  • Get additional version information from the Windows Registry and return a tuple(release, version, csd, ptype) referring to OS release, version number,CSD level (service pack) and OS type (multi/single processor).

As a hint: ptype is 'Uniprocessor Free' on single processor NT machinesand 'Multiprocessor Free' on multi processor machines. The 'Free' refersto the OS version being free of debugging code. It could also state _'Checked'_which means the OS version uses debugging code, i.e. code that checks arguments,ranges, etc.

注解

This function works best with Mark Hammond'swin32all package installed, but also on Python 2.3 andlater (support for this was added in Python 2.6). It obviouslyonly runs on Win32 compatible platforms.

Win95/98 specific

  • platform.popen(cmd, mode='r', bufsize=-1)
  • Portable popen() interface. Find a working popen implementationpreferring win32pipe.popen(). On Windows NT, win32pipe.popen()should work; on Windows 9x it hangs due to bugs in the MS C library.

3.3 版后已移除: This function is obsolete. Use the subprocess module. Checkespecially the Replacing Older Functions with the subprocess Module section.

Mac OS平台

  • platform.macver(_release='', versioninfo=('', '', ''), machine='')
  • Get Mac OS version information and return it as tuple (release, versioninfo,machine) with versioninfo being a tuple (version, dev_stage,non_release_version).

Entries which cannot be determined are set to ''. All tuple entries arestrings.

Unix Platforms

  • platform.dist(distname='', version='', id='', supported_dists=('SuSE', 'debian', 'redhat', 'mandrake', …))
  • 这是 linux_distribution() 的另外一个名字。

Deprecated since version 3.5, will be removed in version 3.8: See alternative like the distro package.

  • platform.linuxdistribution(_distname='', version='', id='', supported_dists=('SuSE', 'debian', 'redhat', 'mandrake', …), full_distribution_name=1)
  • Tries to determine the name of the Linux OS distribution name.

supported_dists may be given to define the set of Linux distributions tolook for. It defaults to a list of currently supported Linux distributionsidentified by their release file name.

If full_distribution_name is true (default), the full distribution readfrom the OS is returned. Otherwise the short name taken fromsupported_dists is used.

Returns a tuple (distname,version,id) which defaults to the args given asparameters. id is the item in parentheses after the version number. Itis usually the version codename.

Deprecated since version 3.5, will be removed in version 3.8: See alternative like the distro package.

  • platform.libcver(_executable=sys.executable, lib='', version='', chunksize=16384)
  • Tries to determine the libc version against which the file executable (defaultsto the Python interpreter) is linked. Returns a tuple of strings (lib,version) which default to the given parameters in case the lookup fails.

Note that this function has intimate knowledge of how different libc versionsadd symbols to the executable is probably only usable for executables compiledusing gcc.

The file is read and scanned in chunks of chunksize bytes.