go-zero

go-zero

0. what is go-zero

go-zero is a web and rpc framework that with lots of engineering practices builtin. It’s born to ensure the stability of the busy services with resilience design, and has been serving sites with tens of millions users for years.

go-zero contains simple API description syntax and code generation tool called goctl. You can generate Go, iOS, Android, Kotlin, Dart, TypeScript, JavaScript from .api files with goctl.

Advantages of go-zero:

improve the stability of the services with tens of millions of daily active users
builtin chained timeout control, concurrency control, rate limit, adaptive circuit breaker, adaptive load shedding, even no configuration needed
builtin middlewares also can be integrated into your frameworks
simple API syntax, one command to generate couple of different languages
auto validate the request parameters from clients
plenty of builtin microservice management and concurrent toolkits

1. Backgrounds of go-zero

At the beginning of 2018, we decided to re-design our system, from monolithic architecture with Java+MongoDB to microservice architecture. After researches and comparison, we chose to:

Golang based
- great performance
- simple syntax
- proven engineering efficiency
- extreme deployment experience
- less server resource consumption
Self-designed microservice architecture
- I have rich experience on designing microservice architectures
- easy to location the problems
- easy to extend the features

2. Design considerations on go-zero

By designing the microservice architecture, we expected to ensure the stability, as well as the productivity. And from just the beginning, we have the following design principles:

keep it simple
high availability
stable on high concurrency
easy to extend
resilience design, failure-oriented programming
try best to be friendly to the business logic development, encapsulate the complexity
one thing, one way

After almost half a year, we finished the transfer from monolithic system to microservice system, and deployed on August 2018. The new system guaranteed the business growth, and the system stability.

3. The implementation and features of go-zero

go-zero is a web and rpc framework that integrates lots of engineering practices. The features are mainly listed below:

powerful tool included, less code to write
simple interfaces
fully compatible with net/http
middlewares are supported, easy to extend
high performance
failure-oriented programming, resilience design
builtin service discovery, load balancing
builtin concurrency control, adaptive circuit breaker, adaptive load shedding, auto trigger, auto recover
auto validation of API request parameters
chained timeout control
auto management of data caching
call tracing, metrics and monitoring
high concurrency protected

As below, go-zero protects the system with couple layers and mechanisms:

4. Future development plans of go-zero

auto generate API mock server, make the client debugging easier
auto generate the simple integration test for the server side just from the .api files

5. Installation

Run the following command under your project:

go get -u github.com/tal-tech/go-zero

6. Quick Start

full examples can be checked out from below:

Rapid development of microservice systems

Rapid development of microservice systems - multiple RPCs
install goctl

goctlcan be read as go control. goctl means not to be controlled by code, instead, we control it. The inside go is not golang. At the very beginning, I was expecting it to help us improve the productivity, and make our lives easier.
```
GO111MODULE=on go get -u github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl
```
make sure goctl is executable.

create the API file, like greet.api, you can install the plugin of goctl in vs code, api syntax is supported.

type Request struct {
  Name string `path:"name,options=you|me"` // parameters are auto validated
}
type Response struct {
  Message string `json:"message"`
}
service greet-api {
  @handler GreetHandler
  get /greet/from/:name(Request) returns (Response);
}

the .api files also can be generate by goctl, like below:

goctl api -o greet.api

generate the go server side code

goctl api go -api greet.api -dir greet

the generated files look like:

├── greet
│   ├── etc
│   │   └── greet-api.yaml        // configuration file
│   ├── greet.go                  // main file
│   └── internal
│       ├── config
│       │   └── config.go         // configuration definition
│       ├── handler
│       │   ├── greethandler.go   // get/put/post/delete routes are defined here
│       │   └── routes.go         // routes list
│       ├── logic
│       │   └── greetlogic.go     // request logic can be written here
│       ├── svc
│       │   └── servicecontext.go // service context, mysql/redis can be passed in here
│       └── types
│           └── types.go          // request/response defined here
└── greet.api                     // api description file

the generated code can be run directly:

cd greet
go mod init
go mod tidy
go run greet.go -f etc/greet-api.yaml

by default, it’s listening on port 8888, while it can be changed in configuration file.

you can check it by curl:

curl -i http://localhost:8888/greet/from/you

the response looks like:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 30 Aug 2020 15:32:35 GMT
Content-Length: 0

Write the business logic code
- the dependencies can be passed into the logic within servicecontext.go, like mysql, reds etc.
- add the logic code in logic package according to .api file

Generate code like Java, TypeScript, Dart, JavaScript etc. just from the api file

goctl api java -api greet.api -dir greet
goctl api dart -api greet.api -dir greet
...

7. Benchmark

Checkout the test code

8. Documents (adding)

9. Important notes

Use grpc 1.29.1, because etcd lib doesn’t support latter versions.

google.golang.org/grpc v1.29.1
For protobuf compatibility, use protocol-gen@v1.3.2.

go get -u github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go@v1.3.2

10. Chat group

Join the chat via https://join.slack.com/t/go-zeroworkspace/shared_invite/zt-m39xssxc-kgIqERa7aVsujKNj~XuPKg

Introduction