Gateways

This topic provides an overview of the gateway features shipped with Consul. Gateways provide connectivity into, out of, and between Consul service meshes. You can configure the following types of gateways:

  • Mesh gateways enable service-to-service traffic between Consul datacenters or between Consul admin partitions. They also enable datacenters to be federated across wide area networks.
  • Ingress gateways enable connectivity within your organizational network from services outside the Consul service mesh to services in the mesh.
  • Terminating gateways enable connectivity within your organizational network from services in the Consul service mesh to services outside the mesh.

Gateway Architecture

Mesh Gateways

1.6.0+: This feature is available in Consul versions 1.6.0 and newer.

Mesh gateways enable service mesh traffic to be routed between different Consul datacenters and admin partitions. The datacenters or partitions can reside in different clouds or runtime environments where general interconnectivity between all services in all datacenters isn’t feasible.

They operate by sniffing and extracting the server name indication (SNI) header from the service mesh session and routing the connection to the appropriate destination based on the server name requested. The gateway does not decrypt the data within the mTLS session.

Mesh gateways enable the following scenarios:

Mesh gateway tutorial: Follow the mesh gateway tutorial to learn concepts associated with mesh gateways.

Ingress Gateways

1.8.0+: This feature is available in Consul versions 1.8.0 and newer.

Ingress gateways enable connectivity within your organizational network from services outside the Consul service mesh to services in the mesh. To accept ingress traffic from the public internet, use Consul’s API Gateway instead.

These gateways allow you to define what services should be exposed, on what port, and by what hostname. You configure an ingress gateway by defining a set of listeners that can map to different sets of backing services.

Ingress gateways are tightly integrated with Consul’s L7 configuration and enable dynamic routing of HTTP requests by attributes like the request path.

For more information about ingress gateways, review the complete documentation and the ingress gateway tutorial.

Ingress Gateway Architecture

Terminating Gateways

1.8.0+: This feature is available in Consul versions 1.8.0 and newer.

Terminating gateways enable connectivity within your organizational network from services in the Consul service mesh to services outside the mesh. Services outside the mesh do not have sidecar proxies or are not integrated natively. These may be services running on legacy infrastructure or managed cloud services running on infrastructure you do not control.

Terminating gateways effectively act as egress proxies that can represent one or more services. They terminate Connect mTLS connections, enforce Consul intentions, and forward requests to the appropriate destination.

These gateways also simplify authorization from dynamic service addresses. Consul’s intentions determine whether connections through the gateway are authorized. Then traditional tools like firewalls or IAM roles can authorize the connections from the known gateway nodes to the destination services.

For more information about terminating gateways, review the complete documentation and the terminating gateway tutorial.

Terminating Gateway Architecture